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Intra-population variability of ocean acidification impacts on the physiology of Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus edulis): integrating tissue and organism response

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Abstract

Increased maintenance costs at cellular, and consequently organism level, are thought to be involved in shaping the sensitivity of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification (OA). Yet, knowledge of the capacity of marine calcifiers to undergo metabolic adaptation is sparse. In Kiel Fjord, blue mussels thrive despite periodically high seawater PCO2, making this population interesting for studying metabolic adaptation under OA. Consequently, we conducted a multi-generation experiment and compared physiological responses of F1 mussels from ‘tolerant’ and ‘sensitive’ families exposed to OA for 1 year. Family classifications were based on larval survival; tolerant families settled at all PCO2 levels (700, 1120, 2400 µatm) while sensitive families did not settle at the highest PCO2 (≥99.8% mortality). We found similar filtration rates between family types at the control and intermediate PCO2 level. However, at 2400 µatm, filtration and metabolic scope of gill tissue decreased in tolerant families, indicating functional limitations at the tissue level. Routine metabolic rates (RMR) and summed tissue respiration (gill and outer mantle tissue) of tolerant families were increased at intermediate PCO2, indicating elevated cellular homeostatic costs in various tissues. By contrast, OA did not affect tissue and routine metabolism of sensitive families. However, tolerant mussels were characterised by lower RMR at control PCO2 than sensitive families, which had variable RMR. This might provide the energetic scope to cover increased energetic demands under OA, highlighting the importance of analysing intra-population variability. The mechanisms shaping such difference in RMR and scope, and thus species’ adaptation potential, remain to be identified.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank U. Panknin for her continuous help with mussel cultivation and T. Hirse and A. Tillmann for technical support. We further thank F. Kupprat for supporting haemolymph pH measurements and for providing haemolymph PO2 data, R. Kiko for helpful R-scripts as well as three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped to improve a previous version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) funded project BIOACID II (subproject 3.7 (FKZ 03F0655B) and subproject 3.4 (FKZ 03F0655A)) and is a contribution to the PACES (Polar regions and coasts in a changing earth system) research programme of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.

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  1. Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    L. S. Stapp, C. Bock, H. O. Pörtner & G. Lannig

  2. University of Bremen, NW2, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    L. S. Stapp & H. O. Pörtner

  3. Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    J. Thomsen, H. Schade & F. Melzner

  4. Marine Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNF), Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany

    H. Schade

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360_2016_1053_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Fig S1 Extracellular pH of tolerant and sensitive families of Mytilus edulis raised for two years at nominal control (700 µatm), intermediate (1120 µatm) and high (2400 µatm) seawater PCO2. Values are given as mean ± SE, N = 13-19. Haemolymph pH was determined at acclimation temperature (18 °C) using WTW 330i pH meter equipped with a Sentix Microelectrode. Different letters indicate significantly different extracellular pH between groups, P < 0.05 (DOCX 56 kb)

Table S1 Chemical buffer composition used for experiments with isolated gill and outer mantle tissue (EPS 86 kb)

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Stapp, L.S., Thomsen, J., Schade, H. et al. Intra-population variability of ocean acidification impacts on the physiology of Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus edulis): integrating tissue and organism response. J Comp Physiol B 187, 529–543 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1053-6

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  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1053-6

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