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The glutathione antioxidant system is enhanced in growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

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Abstract

Insertion of a growth hormone (GH) transgene in coho salmon results in accelerated growth, and increased feeding and metabolic rates. Whether other physiological systems within the fish are adjusted to this accelerated growth has not been well explored. We examined the effects of a GH transgene and feeding level on the antioxidant glutathione and its associated enzymes in various tissues of coho salmon. When transgenic and control salmon were fed to satiation, transgenic fish had increased tissue glutathione, increased hepatic glutathione reductase activity, decreased hepatic activity of the glutathione synthesis enzyme γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and increased intestinal activity of the glutathione catabolic enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. However, these differences were mostly abolished by ration restriction and fasting, indicating that upregulation of the glutathione antioxidant system was due to accelerated growth, and not to intrinsic effects of the transgene. Increased food intake and ability to digest potential dietary glutathione, and not increased activity of glutathione synthesis enzymes, likely contributed to the higher levels of glutathione in transgenic fish. Components of the glutathione antioxidant system are likely upregulated to combat potentially higher reactive oxygen species production from increased metabolic rates in GH transgenic salmon.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

DTNB:

5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)

GCS:

γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase

GH:

Growth hormone

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

γGT:

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by a Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology grant to RH Devlin, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grants to CJ Brauner and GK Iwama. We are indebted to Dionne Sakhrani and Carlo Biagi for assistance with this project, Dr. Patricia Schulte for feedback on this project, and to Dr. Matthew Rise for supplying gene array data. This experiment complied with current laws of the country (Canada) in which experiments were performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Rosalind A. Leggatt

  2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Colin J. Brauner & Robert H. Devlin

  3. Faculty of Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada

    George K. Iwama

  4. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada

    Robert H. Devlin

Authors
  1. Rosalind A. Leggatt
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  2. Colin J. Brauner
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  3. George K. Iwama
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  4. Robert H. Devlin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert H. Devlin.

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Communicated by H.V. Carey.

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Leggatt, R.A., Brauner, C.J., Iwama, G.K. et al. The glutathione antioxidant system is enhanced in growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). J Comp Physiol B 177, 413–422 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0140-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0140-5

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