Abstract
This work investigates the implementation of visible to near-infrared high-speed thermography for the measurement of heat flux over blunt-body test models in an expansion tunnel. Recent works have seen success implementing mid-wave infrared thermography in the X2 expansion tunnel at the University of Queensland in Earth and Mars entry flow conditions. In this work, the performance of three visible to near-infrared high-speed cameras (Phantom v2012, v611 and TMX7510 models) is investigated in the context of thermography and a calibration methodology is presented. Visible to near-infrared high-speed cameras offer several benefits over the infrared cameras used in previous works, primarily increased acquisition rates which are imperative for the short test times encountered in these facilities. Resistive heating of the test model allows surface temperatures to be measured at a rate of 1 MHz even in the presence of a radiating shock layer. This is achieved through the careful selection of the following: the test condition which provides the baseline level of flow radiation, the operating wavelength region which can be chosen to avoid most of the remaining flow radiation, and the model pre-heating temperature which is chosen to increase the ratio between surface grey body radiation and the flow radiation. These radiation management strategies can allow the measurement of heat flux in low to medium enthalpy hypersonic ground test experiments in Earth’s re-entry conditions and ice giant entry conditions within the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum.
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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The first author would like to acknowledge colleagues at the Centre for Hypersonics, at the University of Queensland, in particular his supervisor Christopher M. James, for their gracious help. He would also like to thank Lawrence Suryawinata, from Adept Turnkey, and Phil Taylor, from Vision Research Inc, for lending us the Phantom TMX7510 camera.
Funding
This work was undertaken as part of an internship for the ESPCI Paris - PSL engineering degree at the Centre for Hypersonics, at the University of Queensland. This internship was made possible thanks to the financial support of the Fonds ESPCI Paris Foundation. Christopher M. James is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (project DE210101072) funded by the Australian Government. This work is also supported by the Australian Research Council under project DP220103330.
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Christopher M. James and Timothy G. Cullen encouraged Loïc G. Alemany to investigate visible high-speed thermography for hypersonic testing. Loïc G. Alemany designed the study, performed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript, under Christopher M. James’ supervision. Timothy G. Cullen and Yu Liu provided numerical estimations of the flow radiation for the different applications. Christopher M. James and Timothy G. Cullen helped discuss the results. All authors reviewed the final manuscript.
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Alemany, L.G., James, C.M., Cullen, T.G. et al. Investigation of visible to near-infrared high-speed cameras for thermography in hypersonic testing. Exp Fluids 64, 189 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-023-03731-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-023-03731-7