Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interfacial phenomena of the interaction between a liquid–liquid interface and rising bubble

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We experimentally investigate the interfacial phenomena involved in the occasions when a rising bubble interacts with the interface between two immiscible liquids, by varying the bubble size (3.0–8.0 mm; i.e., covering the straight, zigzagging, and rocking trajectories) and the viscosity ratio (\(\Lambda =1.38\) and \(12.8\)) of liquids (silicone oil and water–glycerin mixture as the upper and lower liquids, respectively). Our major focus is to understand how the dynamics of a rising bubble and subsequent deformation of the interface are determined, based on the spatiotemporal variation of interface and velocity fields simultaneously measured by using the two-phase particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence, respectively. When the viscosity ratio is small (\(\Lambda =1.38\)), even the bubble of the same size, under the path instability, passes through the interface quite differently depending on the colliding angle. This is because the flow dragged by the bubble and wake vortices change according to the bubble position in the oscillating rise path. As the viscosity ratio increases to 12.8, the effect of path instability becomes negligible owing to the enhanced viscous dissipation, so that only the bubble in a rocking motion can escape the liquid interface instantly. By estimating the momentum flux, we find that the bubble-induced momentum transferred to the interface dissipates fast as the viscosity ratio increases. In addition, the maximum height (deformation) of the liquid interface is closely related to the escape dynamics of the bubble. We think the present results will enhance our understanding of how the complex interaction between moving fluid interfaces is determined, and further the effective way of controlling it.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aristoff JM, Bush JWM (2009) Water entry of small hydrophobic spheres. J Fluid Mech 619:45–78

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Aybers NM, Tapucu A (1969) The motion of gas bubbles rising through stagnant liquid. Wärme- Und Stoffübertragung 2:118–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai K, Katz J (2014) On the refractive index of sodium iodide solutions for index matching in PIV. Exp Fluids 55:1704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonhomme R, Magnaudet J, Duval F, Piar B (2012) Inertial dynamics of air bubbles crossing a horizontal fluid-fluid interface. J Fluid Mech 707:405–443

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Brücker C (1999) Structure and dynamics of the wake of bubbles and its relevance for bubble interaction. Phys Fluids 11:1781–1796

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Choi D, Park H (2018) Flow around in-line sphere array at moderate Reynolds number. Phys Fluids 30:097104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi K, Kim N, Seon G, Hwang W, Park H (2019) Laser-induced control of a cavity bubble behind a sinking sphere in water entry: Dependency on the surface temperature and impact velocity. Phys Fluids 31:122105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clift R, Grave JR, Weber ME (1978) Bubbles, Drops, and Particles. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Daviero GJ, Roberts PJW, Maile K (2001) Refractive index matching in large-scale stratified experiments. Exp Fluids 31:119–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debrégeas G, de Gennes PG, Brochard-Wyart F (1998) The life and death of “bare” viscous bubbles. Science 279:1704–1707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich N, Poncin S, Pheulpin S, Li HZ (2008) Passage of a bubble through a liquid-liquid interface. AIChE J 54:594–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellingsen K, Risso F (2001) On the rise of an ellipsoidal bubble in water: oscillatory paths and liquid-induced velocity. J Fluid Mech 440:235–268

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ern P, Risso F, Fabre D, Magnaudet J (2012) Wake-induced oscillatory paths of bodies freely rising or falling in fluids. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 44:97–121

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feng J, Muradoglu M, Kim H, Ault JT, Stone HA (2016) Dynamics of a bubble bouncing at a liquid/liquid/gas interface. J Fluid Mech 807:324–352

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgibbon A, Pilu M, Fisher RB (1999) Direct least square fitting of ellipses. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 21:476–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GA, Chen JC, Conlin MT (1988) Onset of entrainment between immiscible liquid layers due to rising gas bubbles. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 31:1309–1317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heathcote S, Martin D, Gursul I (2004) Flexible flapping airfoil propulsion at zero freestream velocity. AIAA J 42:2196–2204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hua J, Lou J (2007) Numerical simulation of bubble rising in viscous liquid. J Comp Phys 222:769–795

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Itawi HE, Lalanne B, Massiera G, Sauze NL, Masbernat O (2020) Numerical simulation of the crossing of a liquid-liquid interface by a droplet. Phys Rev Fluids 5:093601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis PA, Mader HM, Huppert HE, Cashman KV, Blundy JD (2019) Experiments on the low-Reynolds-number settling of a sphere through a fluid interface. Phys Rev Fluids 4:024003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong H, Park H (2015) Near-wall rising behaviour of a deformable bubble at high Reynolds number. J Fluid Mech 771:564–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim N, Park H (2019a) Water entry of rounded cylindrical bodies with different aspect ratios and surface conditions. J Fluid Mech 863:757–788

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Park H (2019b) Upward bubbly flows in a square pipe with a sudden expansion: Bubble dispersion and reattachment length. Int J Multiph Flow 118:254–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim M, Lee J, Park H (2016) Study of bubble-induced turbulence in upward laminar bubbly pipe flows measured with a two-phase particle image velocimetry. Exp Fluids 57:55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S (1993) Iron droplet formation due to bubbles passing through molten iron/slag interface. ISIJ Int 33:577–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong G, Mirsandi H, Buist KA, Peters EAJF, Baltussen MW, Kuipers JAM (2019) Oscillation dynamics of a bubble rising in viscous liquid. Exp Fluids 60:130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson NJ, Rudman M, Guerra A, Liow JL (1999) Experimental and numerical comparisons of the break-up of a large bubble. Exp Fluids 26:524–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Park H (2017) Wake structures behind an oscillating bubble rising close to a vertical wall. Int J Multiph Flow 91:225–242

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Park H (2020) Bubble dynamics and bubble-induced agitation in the homogeneous bubble-swarm past a circular cylinder at small to moderate void fractions. Phys Rev Fluids 5:054304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lhuissier H, Villermaux E (2012) Bursting bubble aerosols. J Fluid Mech 696:5–44

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lim H (1990) Two-dimensional Signal and Image Processing. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Yan H, Zhao G (2015) Experimental studies on the shape and motion of air bubbles in viscous liquids. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 62:109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maeng H, Park H (2021) An experimental study on the heat transfer by a single bubble wake rising near a vertical heated wall. Int J Heat Mass Trans 165:120590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnaudet J, Mercier MJ (2020) Particles, drops, and bubbles moving across sharp interfaces and stratified layers. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 52:61–91

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Manica R, Klaseboer E, Chan DYC (2016) The impact and bounce of air bubbles at a flat fluid interface. Soft Matt 12:3271–3282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao N, Kang C, Teng S, Mulbah C (2020) Formation and detachment of the enclosing water film as a bubble passes through the water-oil interface. Colloids Surf A 586:124236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mougin G, Magnaudet J (2002) Path instability of a rising bubble. Phys Rev Lett 88:014502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natsui S, Nashimoto R, Nakajima D, Kikuchi T, Suzuki RO (2018) Column and film lifetimes in bubble-induced two-liquid flow. Phys Rev E 97:062802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen CT, Gonnermann HM, Chen Y, Huber C, Maiorano AA, Gouldstone A, Dufek J (2013) Film drainage and the lifetime of bubbles. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 14:3616–3631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh S, Lee B, Park H, Choi H, Kim S-T (2020) A numerical and theoretical study on the aerodynamics of hovering flight by a rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus). J Fluid Mech 885:A18

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Otsu N (1979) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9:62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park H, Park Y-J, Lee B, Cho K-J, Choi H (2016) Vortical structures around a flexible oscillating panel for maximum thrust in a quiescent fluid. J Fluids Struct 67:241–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patil VA, Liburdy JA (2012) Optical measurement uncertainties due to refractive index mismatch for flow in porous media. Exp Fluids 53:1453–1468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piao L, Park H (2019) Relation between oil-water interfacial flow structure and their separation in the oil-water mixture flow in a curved channel: An experimental study. Int J Multiph Flow 120:103089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierson J, Magnaudet J (2018a) Inertial settling of a sphere through an interface. Part 1. From sphere flotation to wake fragmentation. J Fluid Mech 835:762–807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierson J, Magnaudet J (2018b) Inertial settling of a sphere through an interface. Part 2. Sphere and tail dynamics. J Fluid Mech 835:808–851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poggi D, Minto R, Davenport WG (1969) Mechanisms of Metal Entrapment in Slags. J Met 21:40–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymond F, Rosant JM (2000) A numerical and experimental study of the terminal velocity and shape of bubbles in viscous liquids. Chem Eng Sci 55:943–955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Miyahara T, Nishizaki Y (1979) Separation of oily water by bubble column. J Chem Eng Jpn 12:394–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanno M, Liu J, Gao X, Kim S, Ueda S, Kitamura S (2017) Influence of the physical properties of liquids and diameter of bubble on the formation of liquid column at the interface of two liquid phases by the rising bubble. Metall Mater Trans B 48:2913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tropea C, Alexander LY, John FF (2007) Handbook of experimental fluid mechanics. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Uemura T, Ueda U, Iguchi M (2010) Ripples on a rising bubble through an immiscible two-liquid interface generate numerous micro droplets. Europhys Lett 92:34004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederseiner S, Andreini N, Epely-Chauvin G, Ancey C (2011) Refractive-index and density matching in concentrated particle suspensions: a review. Exp Fluids 50:1183–1206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zawala J, Dorbolo S, Terwagne D, Vandewalle N, Malysa K (2011) Bouncing bubble on a liquid/gas interface resting or vibrating. Soft Matt 7:6719–2726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zdravkovich MM, Bearman PW (1997) Flow Around Circular Cylinders - Volume 1: Fundamentals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

  • Zhang W, Jiang X, Liu Y (2012) A method for recognizing overlapping elliptical bubbles in bubble image. Pattern Recognit Lett 33:1543–1548

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant (2020R1A2C2014510) funded by the Korea government (MSIT) and Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University. The authors appreciate Prof. Ho-Young Kim (Seoul National University, Korea), Prof. Sung Jae Kim (Seoul National University, Korea), and Prof. Choongyeop Lee (Kyunghee University, Korea) for helping the measurement of viscosity, surface tension coefficient, and interfacial tension coefficient of the tested liquids, respectively.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Kyuseong Choi & Hyungmin Park

  2. Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Hyungmin Park

Authors
  1. Kyuseong Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hyungmin Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Kyuseong Choi performed the experiments, analyzed the results, and wrote the draft of the manuscript. Hyungmin Park organized and supervised the research, and also critically revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hyungmin Park.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 7677 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Choi, K., Park, H. Interfacial phenomena of the interaction between a liquid–liquid interface and rising bubble. Exp Fluids 62, 126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03222-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03222-7

Search

Navigation