Abstract
The opening of a fast valve followed by a fluid line with a closed end generates a fluid hammer that may involve several multiphase phenomena. This is the case of the propulsion systems in satellites during the priming operation, where the lines are initially kept under vacuum conditions. The filling with liquid propellant is done by opening a pyrotechnic valve, and the fluid hammer taking place involves cavitation and gas desorption. For this purpose, an experimental study is carried out with inert fluids modeling a liquid propulsion system, where the saturation level of the test liquid is controlled, allowing to run experiments under deaerated and saturated conditions. The results show that the fluid hammer phenomenon is affected by the gas saturation conditions if the liquid is susceptible to high desorption rate. In this case, the desorbed pressurant gas in the lines cushions the liquid front impact at the closed ends, leading to a lower pressure rise during fluid hammer occurrence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abernethy RB, Benedict RP, Dowdell RB (1985) ASME measurement uncertainty. J Fluids Eng Trans Asme 107(2):161–164
Battino R, Rettich TR, Tominaga T (1984) The solubility of nitrogen and air in liquids. J Phys Chem Ref Data 13(2):563–600
Bergant A, Simpson AR, Tijsseling AS (2006) Water hammer with column separation: a historical review. J Fluids Struct 22:135–171
Castellan GW (1983) Physical chemistry, 3rd edn. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading
da Silva AB, de Freitas Rachid FB (2013) Modeling of release and absorption of gas in liquid–gas flows within a consistent thermodynamic framework. Int J Eng Sci 66–67:21–43
Dieck RH (2007) Measurement uncertainty: methods and applications, 4th edn. ISA—The Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society
Fischer K, Wilken M (2001) Experimental determination of oxygen and nitrogen solubility in organic solvents up to 10 Mpa at temperatures between 298 K and 398 K. J Chem Thermodyn 33:1285–1308
Katayama T, Nitta T (1976) Solubilities of hydrogen and nitrogen in alcohols and n-hexane. J Chem Eng Data 21(2):194–196
Kline SJ, McClintock FA (1953) Describing uncertainties in single-sample experiments. Mech Eng 1:3–8
Kranenburg C (1974) Gas release during transient cavitation in pipes. J Hydraul Div 100(10):1383–1398
Leca C, Boh P (2000) Mon and MMH pressure surges for a simplified propellant feed system. In: Proceedings of 3rd international conference on spacecraft propulsion. Cannes, France
Lin TY, Baker D (1995) Analysis and testing of propellant feed system priming process. J Propuls Power 11(3):505–512
Molinsky J (1997) Water hammer test of the SeaStar hydrazine propulsion system. In: 33rd AlAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit
Morgan MJ (2004) Pressure transient characterization test for star-2 propulsion system fuel manifold. In: 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
Ounougha L, Colozzi F (1997) Correlation between simulations and experiments on water hammer effect in a propulsion system. In: Proceedings of Second European Spacecraft Propulsion Conference
Prickett RP, Mayer E, Hermal J (1992) Water hammer in a spacecraft propellant feed system. J Propuls Power 8(3):592–597
Sander R (1999) Compilation of Henry’s law constants for inorganic and organic species of potential importance in environmental chemistry. Tech. rep, Air Chemistry Department-Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry
Wilhelm E, Battino R, Wilcock RJ (1977) Low-pressure solubility of gases in liquid water. Chem Rev 77(2):219–262
Wylie EB, Streeter VL (1978) Fluid transients. McGraw-Hill Inc, New York
Yaggy KL (1984) Analysis of propellant flow into evacuated and pressurized lines. In: 20th AIAA/SAE/ASME Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
Acknowledgments
The present research activity was initiated and promoted by the European Space Research and Technology Centre of the European Space Agency (ESTEC/ESA) through the GSTP activity AO/1-6210/09/NL/CP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lema, M., Peña, F.L., Rambaud, P. et al. Fluid hammer with gas desorption in a liquid-filling tube: experiments with three different liquids. Exp Fluids 56, 180 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-2043-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-2043-2