Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Visualization of wave propagation within a supersonic two-dimensional cavity by digital streak schlieren

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optical measurements were carried out in planar two-dimensional open shallow cavities in order to determine how the flow field inside the cavity changes if the length-to-depth ratio of the cavity and the conditions of the boundary layer at the cavity leading edge are varied. The main challenge in this configuration, namely the fact that there are often no clearly identifiable wave fronts in the flow within the cavity, was overcome by applying a digital streak schlieren technique in combination with time-resolved high-speed flow visualizations. Using this approach, one can identify the propagation of waves within the cavity which allows one to determine the frequencies of flow oscillations inside the cavity entirely by optical means. The results from these measurements showed excellent agreement with independently conducted pressure measurements, simulations and analytical predictions. The applied technique also provides a measurement for the convective flow velocity within the cavity, for which different values can be found in the literature. The paper presents the results obtained for a Mach 2 supersonic flow over shallow rectangular open cavities with length-to-depth ratios of 3, 5, 6 and 8.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahuja K, Mendoza J (1995) Effects of cavity dimensions, boundary layer, and temperature on cavity noise with emphasis on benchmark data to validate computational aeroacoustic codes. Technical report 4653, NASA, Virginia

  • Bauer R, Dix R (1991) Engineering model of unsteady flow in a cavity. Technical report AEDC-TR-91-17, Arnold Engineering Development Center

  • Chapman DR, Kuehn DM, Larson HK (1957) Investigation of separated flows in supersonic and subsonic streams with emphasis on the effect of transition. Technical report 1356, NACA

  • Fuller PWW (1979) High speed photography in ballistics. In: Proceedings of 8th international congress on instrumentation in aerospace simulation facilities, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, pp 112–123

  • Gai SL, Kleine H, Neely AJ (2015) Supersonic flow over a shallow open rectangular cavity. J Aircr 52(2):609–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gloerfelt X, Bailly C, Juve D (2003) Direct computation of the noise radiated by a subsonic cavity flow and application of integral methods. J Sound Vib 266:119–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handa T, Miyachi H, Kakuno H, Ozaki T (2012) Generation and propagation of pressure waves in supersonic deep cavity flows. Exp Fluids 53:1855–1866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hankey W, Shang J (1980) Analyses of pressure oscillations in an open cavity. AIAA J 18(8):892–898

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hargather MJ, Lawson MJ, Settles GS (2011) Seedless velocimetry measurements by schlieren image velocimetry. AIAA J 49(3):611–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hargather MJ, Settles GS, Gogineni S (2013) Optical diagnostics for characterizing a transitional shear layer over a supersonic cavity. AIAA J 51(12):2977–2982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heller H, Holmes D, Covert E (1971) Flow-induced pressure oscillations in shallow cavities. J Sound Vib 18(4):547–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heller HH, Bliss DB (1975) Aerodynamically induced resonance in rectangular cavities—Physical Mechanisms and Supression Concepts. Technical report AFFDL-TR-74-133, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

  • Katayama AS (1994) Visualization techniques for temporally acquired sequences of images. US Patent No. 5294978

  • Kleine H (2010) Filming the invisible-time-resolved visualisation of compressible flows. Eur Phys J Spec Top 182:3–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy K (1955) Acoustic radiation from two-dimensional rectangular cutouts in aerodynamic surfaces. Technical report 3487, NACA

  • Mohri S, Hillier R (2011) Computational and experimental study of supersonic flow over axisymmetric cavities. Shock Waves 21(3):175–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray R, Elliot G (2001) Characteristics of compressible shear layer over a cavity. AIAA J 39(5):846–856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oster D, Wygnanski I (1982) The forced mixing layer between parallel streams. J Fluid Mech 123:91–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papamoschou D, Roshko A (1988) The compressible turbulent shear layer: an experimental study. J Fluid Mech 197:453–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perng S, Dolling D (2001) Suppression of pressure oscillations in high-mach-number, turbulent cavity flow. J Aircr 38(2):248–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rona A (2006) Self-excited supersonic cavity flow instabilities as aerodynamic noise sources. Int J Aeroacoust 5(4):335–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossiter J (1964) Wind tunnel experiments on the flow over rectangular cavities at subsonic and transonic speeds. Technical report 3438, Ministry of Aviation

  • Schardin H (1942) Schlierenmethoden und ihre Anwendungen. Ergebnisse der exakten Naturwissenschaften 20:303–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Settles GS (2001) Schlieren and shadowgraph techniques: visualizing phenomena in transparent media. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Smits AJ, Dussauge JP (2005) Turbulent shear layers in supersonic flow, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Sridhar V, Kleine H, Gai SL (2013) Unsteady flow patterns in supersonic cavity flows. In: Proceedings of 30th international congress high-speed imaging and photonics. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp 199–204

  • Sridhar V (2014) Computational and experimental investigation of supersonic two-dimensional and axi-symmetric shallow open cavities. Ph.D. thesis, The University of New South Wales, Australia

  • Tam CJ, Orkwis PD, Disimile PJ (1996) Algebraic turbulence model simulations of supersonic open cavity flow physics. AIAA J 34(11):2255–2260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ünalmis O, Clemens N, Dolling D (2001) Experimental study of shear-layer/acoustics coupling in Mach 5 cavity flow. AIAA J 39(2):242–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ünalmis O, Clemens N, Dolling D (2004) Cavity oscillation mechanisms in high-speed flows. AIAA J 42(10):2035–2041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Edwards J (1990) An investigation of supersonic oscillatory cavity flows driven by thick shear layers. Aeronaut J 94(12):355–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X (1995) Compressible cavity flow oscillation due to shear layer instabilities and pressure feedback. AIAA J 33(8):1404–1411

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang N, Alvi F, Alkislar M, Shih C (2006) Supersonic cavity flows and their control. AIAA J 44(9):2118–2128

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the outstanding technical support provided by the Mechanical Workshop of the School of Engineering and IT, UNSW Canberra, and in particular the assistance given by Mr. Michael Jones.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of New South Wales at Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, Australia

    Vikram Sridhar, Harald Kleine & Sudhir L. Gai

Authors
  1. Vikram Sridhar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Harald Kleine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sudhir L. Gai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harald Kleine.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sridhar, V., Kleine, H. & Gai, S.L. Visualization of wave propagation within a supersonic two-dimensional cavity by digital streak schlieren. Exp Fluids 56, 152 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-2026-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-2026-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation