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Comparison of different tracers for PIV measurements in EHD airflow

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Abstract

In this study, a proposed method for selecting a tracer for particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) measurement in electrohydrodynamics flows was developed. To begin with, several published studies were identified that exploit different tracers, such as oil smoke, cigarette smoke and titanium dioxide (TiO2). An assortment of tracers was then selected based on comparisons with conventional dimensionless numbers; Stokes number (St), Archimedes number (Ar) and electrical mobility ratio (M). Subsequently, an experimental study for testing tracers was developed, which enabled the velocity profile of an ionic wind generated by a needle/ring configuration to be measured. Air velocity measurements carried out with a Pitot tube, considered as the reference measurements, were compared to PIV measurements for each tracer. In addition, the current–voltage curves and the evolution of the current during seeding were measured. All the experimental results show that TiO2, SiO2 microballoons and incense smoke are the ideal tracers in the series of tracers investigated.

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Abbreviations

τ p :

Relaxation time of particle (s or μs)

τ f :

Characteristic time of fluid (s or μs)

d :

Particle diameter (μm or m)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

g :

Gravity (m s−2)

Cc :

Cunningham coefficient

E :

Electric field strength (kV m−1)

K :

Electrical mobility (m2 V−1 s−1)

n :

Number of charges

X s :

Specific humidity (kg kg−1)

RH:

Relative humidity (%)

P atm :

Atmospheric pressure (Pa)

T amb :

Ambient temperature (K)

e :

Elementary electron charge (1.6 × 10−19 C)

R p :

Radius (m)

\(D_{\text{n}}\) :

Diameter of the needle (mm)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Dielectric constant of free space (F m−1)

\(\varepsilon_{\text{p}}\) :

Relative dielectric constant of particle

λ :

Mean free path (μm)

\(K_{\text{e }}\) :

Relativity constant (9 × 10 9)

N i :

Ion concentration (ions m−3)

Z i :

Ion mobility (m2 V−1 s−1)

γ :

Surface tension (N m−1)

I :

Intensity of electric current (μA)

V :

Voltage (V or kV)

r :

Cylinder radius (mm)

y :

Distance from the exit jet (mm)

L c :

Characteristic length (m)

m :

Surface roughness

U y :

Velocity along y axis (m s−1)

U c :

Characteristic velocity (m s−1)

δ :

Relative density of the air

f:

Fluid

p:

Particle

L:

Limit

in:

Internal

ex:

External

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Pays de Loire program for outstanding research in the field of en ergetics (PERLE2). The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr N. Zouzou (Institut PPrime, Poitiers, France) and Dr. C. Josset (Laboratoire de Thermocinétique de Nantes, France) for fruitful discussions. Authors also acknowledge Dr. E. Bardy (Grove City College, USA) for the careful reading of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ONIRIS, GEPEA (CNRS UMR 6144), LUNAM, rue de la, Geraudière, BP 82225, 44322, Nantes, France

    M. Hamdi, M. Havet & O. Rouaud

  2. Polytech Nantes, Laboratoire de, Thermocinétique de Nantes (CNRS UMR 6607), LUNAM, rue C. Pauc, BP 50609, 44306, Nantes, France

    D. Tarlet

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  1. M. Hamdi
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  2. M. Havet
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  4. D. Tarlet
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Correspondence to M. Hamdi.

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Hamdi, M., Havet, M., Rouaud, O. et al. Comparison of different tracers for PIV measurements in EHD airflow. Exp Fluids 55, 1702 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-014-1702-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-014-1702-z

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