Abstract
Large-scale quasi-periodic vortex structures shed behind a wall-mounted rectangular cylinder were reconstructed from conditional averaging of several planar particle image velocimetry measurements based on the phase of the pressure at the cylinder surface. The measurements were taken for a square cross-section cylinder with height-to-width ratio of h/d = 8 partially immersed in two nominally thin turbulent boundary layers of thickness-to-height ratios of δ/h = 0.09 and 0.32. The Reynolds number based on the diameter was 12,000. For the thinner boundary layer in the time-averaged wake, one stream wise vortex pair was present at the free end (dipole wake) while for the thicker boundary layer, another pair was also observed at the wall junction (quadrupole wake). The detailed description of the shed structures giving rise to these time-averaged vortex pairs indicates more complex connections than previously proposed arch-type structures, which implies different vortex dynamic processes in the wake. The structures obtained for the dipole and quadrupole wakes were similar at the free end but significantly different at the junction resulting in distinct imprint on the mean and turbulent fields.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adaramola MS, Akinlade OG, Sumner D, Bergstrom DJ, Schenstead AJ (2006) Turbulent wake of a finite circular cylinder of small aspect ratio. J Fluids Struct 22:919–928
Afgan I, Moulinec C, Prosser R, Laurence D (2007) Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow for wall mounted cantilever cylinders of aspect ratio 6 and 10. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 28:561574
Ayoub A, Karamcheti K (1982) An experiment on the flow past a finite circular cylinder at high subcritical and supercritical Reynolds numbers. J Fluid Mech 118:1–26
Benedict LH, Gould RD (1996) Towards better uncertainty estimates for turbulence statistics. Exp Fluids 22:129–136
Bourgeois JA (2012) Three-dimensional topology and dynamical modelling of vortex shedding from finite surface-mounted bluff bodies. University of Calgary, Dissertation
Bourgeois JA, Sattari P, Martinuzzi RJ (2011) Alternating half-loop shedding in the turbulent wake of a finite-surface-mounted square cylinder with a thin boundary layer. Phys Fluids 23(9):095101.1–095101.15
Cantwell B, Coles D (1983) An experimental study of entrainment and transport in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder. J Fluid Mech 136:321–374
Eisenlohr H, Eckelmann H (1989) Vortex splitting and its consequences in the vortex street wake of cylinders at low Reynolds number. Phys Fluids A 1:189–192
Hajimirzaie SM, Wojcik CJ, Buchholz JHJ (2012) The role of shape and relative submergence on the structure of wakes of low-aspect-ratio wall-mounted bodies. Exp Fluids 53:1943–1962
Jeong J, Hussain F (1995) On the identification of a vortex. J Fluid Mech 285:69–94
Kawamura T, Hiwada M, Hibino T, Mabuchi I, Kumada M (1984) Flow around a finite circular cylinder on a flat plate (cylinder height greater than turbulent boundary layer thickness). Bulletin JSME 27(232):2142–2151
Krajnovic S (2011) Flow around a tall finite cylinder explored by large eddy simulation. J Fluid Mech 676:294–317
Liu Y, So RM, Cui ZX (2005) A finite cantilevered cylinder in a crossflow. J Fluids Struct 20:589–609
Lyn DA, Einav S, Rodi W, Park JH (1995) Doppler velocimetry study of ensemble-averaged characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a square cylinder. J Fluid Mech 304:285–319
Mason PJ, Morton BR (1987) Trailing vortices in the wakes of surface-mounted obstacles. J Fluid Mech 175:247–293
McClean JF, Sumner D (2012) Aerodynamic forces and vortex shedding for surface-mounted finite square prisms and the effects of aspect ratio and incidence angle. Proceedings of ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting
Okamoto S, Sunabashiri Y (1992) Vortex shedding from a circular cylinder of finite length placed on a ground plane. J Fluids Eng 114:512–522
Okamoto T, Yagita M (1973) The experimental investigation on the flow past a circular cylinder of finite length placed normal to the plane surface in a uniform stream. Bulletin of JSME 16:805–814
Pattenden RJ, Turnock SR, Zhang X (2005) Measurements of the flow over a low-aspect-ratio cylinder mounted on a ground planer. Exp Fluids 39:1021
Reynolds WC, Hussain AKMF (1972) The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow. Part 3. Theoretical models and comparisons with experiments. J Fluid Mech 54:263–288
Sattari P, Bourgeois JA, Martinuzzi RJ (2012) On the vortex dynamics in the wake of a finite surface-mounted square cylinder. Exp Fluids 52:1149–1167
Sumner D, Heseltine JL (2008) Tip vortex structure for a circular cylinder with a free end. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 96:1185–1196
Sumner D, Heseltine JL, Dansereau OJP (2004) Wake structure of a finite circular cylinder of small aspect ratio. Exp Fluids 37:720–730
Tropea C, Yarin AL, Foss JF (2007) Review of some fundamentals of data processing. Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics pp 1337–1398
Uematsu Y, Yamada M, Ishii K (1990) Some effects of free-stream turbulence on the flow past a cantilevered circular cylinder. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 33:43–52
Vernet A, Kopp GA, Ferré JA, Giralt F (1999) Three-dimensional structure and momentum transfer in a turbulent cylinder wake. J Fluid Mech 394:303–337
Wang HF, Zhou Z (2009) The finite-length square cylinder near wake. J Fluid Mech 638:453–490
Wang HF, Zhou Z, Chan CK, Lam KS (2006) Effect of initial conditions on interaction between a boundary layer and a wall-mounted finite-length-cylinder wake. Phys Fluids 18:1–12
Westerweel J (2000) Theoretical analysis of the measurement precision in particle image velocimetry. Exp Fluids 29:S3–S12
Wheeler AJ, Ganji AR (2004) Introduction to engineering experimentation, vol 2. Pearson: Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp 180–211
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for their financial support of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary material 1 (MPG 220 kb)
Supplementary material 2 (MPG 216 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hosseini, Z., Bourgeois, J.A. & Martinuzzi, R.J. Large-scale structures in dipole and quadrupole wakes of a wall-mounted finite rectangular cylinder. Exp Fluids 54, 1595 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1595-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1595-2