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On the role of physiochemical properties on evaporation behavior of DISI biofuel sprays

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Abstract

Biofuels and alternative fuels are increasingly being blended to conventional gasoline fuel to reduce the overall CO2 emissions. The effect on NOx and soot formation is still unclear as the atomization and evaporation of gasoline with biocomponents differ depending on fuel specific physiochemical properties. This work focuses on describing the biofuel evaporation behavior of gasoline sprays at homogeneous charge (early injection timing) and stratified-charge conditions (late injection timing mode) used in modern direct injection spark ignition engines (DISI). A spray plume of a 6-hole solenoid injector is analyzed in terms of liquid spray propagation, and local droplet sizes studied in an injection chamber. Depending on the operating conditions, different physiochemical properties are found to dominate the atomization and evaporation processes: For low and moderate ambient temperature and pressure, high-boiling point components show a strong influence on the spray droplet size distribution. However, at elevated temperature and pressure, the evaporation behavior changes completely. Due to a high degree of evaporation, the evaporation cooling effect dominates the local droplet sizes. Fuel mixtures owing a larger heat of vaporization show larger droplet sizes—even if these fuels have a lower boiling point. Depending on the local evaporation behavior, the different remaining droplet momentum in the spray controls the air entrainment and the subsequent progress of evaporation and mixing. Overall, it can be stated that the heat of vaporization is a dominating physiochemical property for the droplet evaporation rate at high-level supercharged conditions.

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Abbreviations

A:

Ampere (current)

Ar*:

Argon ion

d 10 :

Arithmetic mean droplet diameter

d 32 :

Sauter mean droplet diameter

DISI:

Direct injection spark ignition

E10:

Gasoline with 10 % by volume of ethanol

E100:

Pure ethanol

Nd:YAG:

Neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet

PDA:

Phase-Doppler anemometry

RON:

Research octane number

SMD:

Sauter mean diameter

SOI:

Start of injection

vSOI:

Visible start of injection

3K:

Three-component model fuel consisting of n-hexane, isooctane and n-decane (RON 46)

3ZK:

Three-component model fuel consisting of n-hexane, ethanol and n-butanol (RON 95)

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation (BFS) in the framework of the project “AZ-932-10: WiDiKO.” We also like to thank Dr. Bodo Durst / Dr. Andreas Kleemann / Dr. Oliver Hausner (BMW Group Munich, CAE Combustion) and Prof. Dr. Christian Hasse/Peter Keller (TU Freiberg, NTFD) for the cooperation within this project. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support for parts of this work from the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Further acknowledgements are dedicated to our colleagues Sebastian Bornschlegel, Thomas Vogel and Sebastian Rieß for their assistance in parts of the measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Tobias Knorsch, Markus Heldmann, Lars Zigan, Michael Wensing & Alfred Leipertz

  2. Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Erlangen, Germany

    Tobias Knorsch, Markus Heldmann, Lars Zigan, Michael Wensing & Alfred Leipertz

Authors
  1. Tobias Knorsch
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  2. Markus Heldmann
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  3. Lars Zigan
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  4. Michael Wensing
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  5. Alfred Leipertz
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Correspondence to Tobias Knorsch.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 2012.

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Knorsch, T., Heldmann, M., Zigan, L. et al. On the role of physiochemical properties on evaporation behavior of DISI biofuel sprays. Exp Fluids 54, 1522 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1522-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1522-6

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