Abstract
Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of periodic blowing over a non-slotted NACA-type flap equipped with seven pulsed slots. The tests are performed at Re ≃ 3 × 106 for different deflection angles ranging from 2° to 35°. Wall-mounted hot-films are chordwise distributed on the flap. The purpose of the experiments is to assess the ability of wall shear stress signals to detect flow separation with and without periodic control, and to be used as reliable feedback information in a closed-loop control framework. Laser beam tomoscopy is first used to visualize flow structures with and without flow control. Two separation criteria based on higher-order statistical moments of hot-film signals are proposed to detect flow separation. They present the advantage of being independent of the free-stream velocity. The two criteria are finally practised to follow the steady-state response of the system and determine its static map local gradient.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Becker R, King R, Petz R, Nitsche W (2007) Adaptive closed-loop separation control on a high-lift configuration using extremum seeking. AIAA J 45(6):1382–1392
Benard N, Moreau E, Griffin J, Cattafesta LN III (2010) Slope seeking for autonomous lift improvement by plasma surface discharge. Exp Fluids 48:791–808
Benard N, Cattafesta LN III, Moreau E, Griffin J, Bonnet JP (2011) On the benefits of hysteresis effects for closed-loop separation control using plasma actuation. Phys Fluids 23:083601
Bruun H (1995) Hot-wire anemometry: principles and signal analysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Cuvier C, Braud C, Foucaut JM, Stanislas M (2011) Flow control over a ramp using active vortex generators. In: Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on turbulence and shear flow phenomena
Darabi A, Wygnanski I (2004a) Active management of naturally separated flow over a solid surface. Part 1. The forced reattachment process. J Fluid Mech 510:105–129
Darabi A, Wygnanski I (2004b) Active management of naturally separated flow over a solid surface. Part 2. The separation process. J Fluid Mech 510:131–144
Greenblatt D, Wygnanski IJ (2000) The control of flow separation by periodic excitation. Prog Aerosp Sci 36:487–545
Henning L, Becker R, Feuerbach G, Muminovic R, King R, Brunn A, Nitsche W (2008) Extensions of adaptive slope-seeking for active flow control. J Syst Control Eng 222:309–322, Part I
King R, Becker R, Garwon M, Henning L (2004) Robust and adaptive closed-loop control of separated shear flows. AIAA Paper 2004-2519
Meijering A, Schroder W (2001) Experimental analysis of separated transitional transonic airfoil flow. AIAA Paper 2001-2987
Nakayama A, Stack JP, Lin JC, Valarezo WO (1993) Surface hot-film method for the measurement of transition, separation, and reattachment points. AIAA Paper 1993-2918
Nishri B, Wygnanski I (1998) Effects of periodic excitation on turbulent flow separation from a flap. AIAA J 36(4):547–556
Pack LG, Schaeffler NW, Yao CS, Seifert A (2005) Active control of flow separation from supercritical airfoil leading-edge flap shoulder. J Aircr 42(5):1142–1149 (First presented as AIAA Paper 2002-3156)
Packard NO, Bons JP (2012) Closed-loop separation control of unsteady flow on an airfoil at low Reynolds number. AIAA Paper 2012-0754
Pamart P-Y, Dandois J, Garnier E, Sagaut P (2010) NARX Modelling and Adaptive Closed-loop Control of Separation by Synthetic Jets in Unsteady RANS Computations. AIAA Paper 2010-4971
Poggie J, Tilmann CP, Flick PM, Silkey JS, Osborne BA, Ervin G, Maric D, Mangalam S, Mangalam A (2010) Closed-loop stall control system. J Aircr 47(5):1747–1755
Poisson-Quinton P (1948) Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur le contrôle de couches limites. International Congress of Applied Mechanics, London
Poisson-Quinton P, Lepage L (1961) Survey of French research on the control of boundary layer and circulation. In: Lachmann GV (eds) Boundary layer and flow control, vol 1. Pergamon, New York
Rethmel C, Little J, Takashima K, Sinha A, Adamovich I, Samimy M (2011) Flow separation control over an airfoil with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators. AIAA Paper 2011-487
Seifert A, Pack-Melton L (2006) Control and identification of turbulent boundary layer separation. In: IUTAM symposium on one hundred years of boundary layer research. Springer, Berlin
Stack JP, Mangalam SM, Kalburgi V (1988) The phase reversal phenomenon at flow separation and reattachment. AIAA Paper 88-0408
Tian Y, Cattafesta LN III, Mittal R (2006a) Adaptive control of separated flow. AIAA Paper 2006-1401
Tian Y, Song Q, Cattafesta LN III (2006b) Adaptive feedback control of flow separation. AIAA Paper 2006-3016
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Michel Alaphilippe and Nicolas Severac for their constant and precious support, and all members of the ‘DAFE PIV team’ for their help during the tomoscopy experiment.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the collection Topics in Flow Control. Guest Editors J.P. Bonnet and L. Cattafesta.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chabert, T., Dandois, J., Garnier, E. et al. Experimental detection of a periodically forced turbulent boundary layer separation. Exp Fluids 54, 1430 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1430-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1430-1