Abstract
Discrete hole film cooling utilizes jet-in-crossflow geometry where the jet is supplied through a short hole which may be pitched relative to the main flow. Typically, the velocity ratio is near one. Under these conditions, the mean flow structure of the jet/mainstream interaction may be strongly affected by the characteristics of the flow within the hole. Magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) is used to measure the 3-dimensional mean velocity field for various jets in crossflow with short holes of varied inclination angles and blowing ratios typically of gas turbine applications. Novel measurements of the flow within inclined feed holes are captured using MRV. Secondary flows within the hole are found to be strongly dependent on the inclination of the hole. The traditional counter-rotating vortex pair is observed in the mainstream, as well as high levels of wall-normal vorticity. The 3D vorticity field is used to modify traditional jet-in-crossflow vortex ring theory to apply to low-momentum jets which remain attached to the ejection surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreopoulos J, Rodi W (1984) Experimental investigation of jets in a crossflow. J Fluid Mech 138:93–127
Bernsdorf S, Rose MG, Abhari RS (2006) Modeling of film cooling—part I: experimental study of flow structure. ASME J Turbomach 128:141–149
Bogard DG, Thole KA (2006) Gas turbine film cooling. J Propul Power 22(2):249–270
Burd SW, Kaszeta RW, Simon TW (1996) Measurements in film cooling flows: hole L/D and turbulence intensity effects. ASME paper no. 96-WA/HT-7
Chang YK, Vakili AD (1995) Dynamics of vortex rings in cross-flow. Phys Fluids 7:1583–1597
Elkins CJ, Alley M (2007) Magnetic resonance velocimetry: applications of magnetic resonance imaging in the measurement of fluid motion. Exp Fluids 43:823–858
Elkins CJ, Markl M, Pelc N, Eaton JK (2003) 4D Magnetic resonance velocimetry for mean velocity measurements in complex turbulent flows. Exp Fluids 34:494–503
Fric TF, Roshko A (1994) Vortical structure in the wake of a transverse jet. J Fluid Mech 279:1–47
Hasselbrink EF, Mungal MG (1996) An analysis of the time-averaged far-field properties of the transverse jet. AIAA paper 96-0201
Jessen W, Schroder W, Klaas M (2007) Evolution of jets effusing from inclined holes into crossflow. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 28:1312–1326
Keffer JF, Baines WD (1963) The round turbulent jet in a cross-wind. J Fluid Mech 15:481–496
Kelso RM, Lim TT, Perry AE (1996) An experimental study of round jets in cross-flow. J Fluid Mech 306:111–144
Leylek JH, Zerkle RD (1994) Discrete-jet film cooling: a comparison of computational results with experiments. J Turbomach 116:358–368
Lutum E, Johnson BV (1998) Influence of the hole length to diameter ratio on film cooling with cylindrical holes. ASME J Turbomach 121:209–216
Muppidi S, Mahesh K (2006) A two-dimensional model problem to explain CVP formation in a transverse jet. Phys Fluids 1(8):085103
Peterson SD, Plesniak MW (2004) Evolution of jets emanating from short holes into crossflow. J Fluid Mech 503:57–91
Peterson SD, Plesniak MW (2007) Flow structure and skin friction in the vicinity of a streamwise-angled injection hole fed by a short pipe. Exp Fluids 43:627–638
Pietrzyk JR, Bogard DG, Crawford ME (1989) Hydrodynamic measurements of jets in crossflow for gas turbine film cooling applications. J Turbomach 111:139–145
Sykes RI, Lewellen WS, Parker SF (1986) On the vorticity dynamics of a turbulent jet in a crossflow. J Fluid Mech 168:393–413
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Issakhanian, E., Elkins, C.J. & Eaton, J.K. In-hole and mainflow velocity measurements of low-momentum jets in crossflow emanating from short holes. Exp Fluids 53, 1765–1778 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1397-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1397-y