Abstract
Large-scale tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomographic PIV) was used to study large-scale flow structures of turbulent convective air flow in an elongated rectangular convection cell. Three flow cases have been investigated, that is, pure forced convection and mixed convection at two different Archimedes numbers. The Reynolds number was constant at Re = 1.04 × 104 for all cases, while the Archimedes numbers were Ar = 2.1 and 3.6 for the mixed convection cases, corresponding to Rayleigh numbers of Ra = 1.6 × 108 and 2.8 × 108, respectively. In these investigations, the size of the measurement volume was as large as 840 mm × 500 mm × 240 mm. To allow for statistical analysis of the measured instantaneous flow fields, a large number of samples needed to be evaluated. Therefore, an efficient parallel implementation of the tomographic PIV algorithm was developed, which is based on a version of the simultaneous multiplicative reconstruction technique (SMART). Our algorithm distinguishes itself amongst other features by the fact that it does not store any weighting coefficients. The measurement of forced convection reveals an almost two-dimensional roll structure, which is orientated in the longitudinal cell direction. Its mean velocity field exhibits a core line with a wavy shape and a wavelength, which corresponds to the height and depth of the cell. In the instantaneous fields, the core line oscillates around its mean position. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy forces, the global structure of the flow field changes significantly. At lower Archimedes numbers, the resulting roll-like structure is shifted and deformed as compared to pure forced convection. Additionally, the core line oscillates much more strongly around its mean position due to the interaction of the roll structure with the rising hot air. If the Archimedes number is further increased, the roll-like structure breaks up into four counter-rotating convection rolls as a result of the increased influence of buoyancy forces. Moreover, large-scale tomographic PIV reveals that the orientation of these rolls reflects a ‘W’-like shape in the horizontal X–Z-plane of the convection cell.
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Notes
In fact, Mishra et al. (1999) called the algorithm MART3_new.
It should be noted that the calculation time for reconstruction and subsequent cross-correlation is of the order of 1 h when employing current workstation computers.
The total reduction of required RAM can be, for example, as large as 18 GB or 60 % for a measurement volume of 50 voxels in thickness if the SMART is executed by 48 cores and the four camera recordings are 16 megapixels in size each.
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The authors are grateful to Katharina Rabe for her support during the measurement campaigns.
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Kühn, M., Ehrenfried, K., Bosbach, J. et al. Large-scale tomographic PIV in forced and mixed convection using a parallel SMART version. Exp Fluids 53, 91–103 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1301-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1301-9