Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for cycle-to-cycle variations of engine flow. Effect of a control device in an inlet pipe

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate cycle-to-cycle variations of non-reacting flow inside a motored single-cylinder transparent engine in order to judge the insertion amplitude of a control device able to displace linearly inside the inlet pipe. Three positions corresponding to three insertion amplitudes are implemented to modify the main aerodynamic properties from one cycle to the next. Numerous particle image velocimetry (PIV) two-dimensional velocity fields following cycle database are post-treated to discriminate specific contributions of the fluctuating flow. We performed a multiple snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in the tumble plane of a pent roof SI engine. The analytical process consists of a triple decomposition for each instantaneous velocity field into three distinctive parts named mean part, coherent part and turbulent part. The 3rd- and 4th-centered statistical moments of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-filtered velocity field as well as the probability density function of the PIV realizations proved that the POD extracts different behaviors of the flow. Especially, the cyclic variability is assumed to be contained essentially in the coherent part. Thus, the cycle-to-cycle variations of the engine flows might be provided from the corresponding POD temporal coefficients. It has been shown that the in-cylinder aerodynamic dispersions can be adapted and monitored by controlling the insertion depth of the control instrument inside the inlet pipe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

SI engine:

Spark ignition engine

PIV:

Particle image velocimetry

POD:

Proper orthogonal decomposition

POD-MS:

Multiple snapshot POD

IC:

Internal combustion

IGR:

Internal gas recirculation

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

CAD:

Crank angle degree

ATDC or BTDC:

After top dead center or before top dead center

IVO or IVC:

Inlet valve opening or closing

EVO or EVC:

Exhaust valve opening or closing

Nd-YAG laser:

Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser

CCD camera:

Charge Couple Device camera

S k (K = 1…3) or S1:

S2, S3, insertion depths of the control flap

X m :

Spatial variables corresponding to one node point

t i :

Temporal variables corresponding to the ith cycle

\( \vec{U} \) :

Two-dimensional PIV velocity vector

U 1 or U 2 :

Horizontal or vertical component

a (n) (S k , t i ):

nth POD mode for S k at cycle t i

λ(n) :

Eigenvalue of the nth POD mode

\( \Upphi_{1}^{(n)} (X_{m} ) \) or \( \Upphi_{2}^{(n)} (X_{m} ) \) :

Eigenvectors of mode n at X m relative to U 1 or U 2

\( U' \) :

Velocity component of a homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow

\( S_{U'} \) :

Skewness or 3rd-centered statistical moment of \( U' \)

\( F_{U'} \) :

Flatness or 4th-centered statistical moment of \( U' \)

E :

Total kinetic energy

References

  • Berkooz G (1991) Turbulence, coherent structures and low dimensional models. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkooz G, Holmes PJ, Lumley JL (1993) The proper orthogonal decomposition in the analysis of turbulent flows. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 25:539–575

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Bizon K, Continillo G, Mancaruso E, Merola SS, Vaglieco BM (2010) POD-based analysis of combustion images in optically accessible engines. Combust Flame 157(4):632–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GL, Roshko A (1974) On density effects and large structures in turbulent mixing layers. J Fluid Mech 64:775–816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosadia I, Borée J, Charnay G, Dumont P (2006) Cyclic variations of the swirling flow in a diesel transparent engine. Exp Fluids 41(1):115–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Druault P, Chaillou C (2007) Use of proper orthogonal decomposition for reconstructing the 3D in-cylinder mean-flow field from PIV data. Comptes Rendus Mécanique 335(1):42–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Druault P, Guibert P, Alizon F (2005a) Use of proper orthogonal decomposition for time interpolation from PIV data—application to the cycle-to-cycle variation analysis of in-cylinder engine flows. Exp Fluids 39(6):1009–1023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Druault P, Delville J, Bonnet JP (2005b) Proper orthogonal decomposition of the mixing layer flow into coherent structures and turbulent Gaussian fluctuations. Comptes Rendus Mécanique 333(11):824–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger DA, Robert WL (1999) Effect of unsteady stretch on spark ignited flame kernel survival. Combust Flame 118(3):469–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enotiadis AC, Vafidis C, Whitelaw JH (1990) Interpretation of cyclic flow variations in motored internal combustion engines. Exp Fluids 10(2–3):77–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Epureanu BI (2003) A parametric analysis of reduced order models of viscous flows in turbomachinery. J Fluids Struct 17(7):971–982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fansler TD (1993) Turbulence production and relaxation in bowl-in-piston engines, SAE technical paper 930479

  • Floch A, Van Frank J, Ahmed A (1995) Comparison of the effects of intake generated swirl and tumble on turbulence characteristics in a four-valve engine. SAE Transact 104(3):2239–2255

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogleman M, Lumley J, Rempfer D, Haworth D (2004) Application of the proper orthogonal decomposition to datasets of internal combustion engine flows. J Turbul 5:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graftieaux L, Michard M, Grosjean N (2001) Combining PIV, POD and vortex identification algorithms for the study of unsteady turbulent swirling flows. Meas Sci Technol 12(9):1422–1429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guibert P, Le Moyne L (2002) Dual particle image velocimetry for transient flow field measurements. Exp Fluids 33(2):355–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Han Z, Reitz RD (1995) Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG I–I models. Combust Sci Technol 106(4–6):267–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heywood JB (1988) Internal combustion engine fundamental. McGraw-Hill, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes PJ, Berkooz G, Lumley JL (1998) Turbulence, coherent structures, dynamical systems and symmetry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang RF, Yang HS, Yeh CN (2008) In-cylinder flows of a motored four-stroke engine with flat-crown and slightly concave-crown pistons. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 32(5):1156–1167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RF, Lin KH, Yeh CN, Lan J (2009) In-cylinder tumble flows and performance of a motorcycle engine with circular and elliptic intake ports. Exp Fluids 46(1):165–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain AKMF (1986) Coherent structures and turbulence. J Fluid Mech 173:303–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isaka Y, Higaki Y (1995) Development of Yamaha tumble induction control system (YTIS), SAE technical paper 950201

  • Jebamani DR, Kumar TMN (2008) Studies on variable swirl intake system for DI diesel engine using computational fluid dynamics. Thermal Sci 12(1):25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwahara K, Ando H (2000) Diagnostics of in-cylinder flow, mixing and combustion in gasoline engine. Meas Sci Technol 11(6):95–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenglet F (2006) Moteur à combustion interne avec Moyens de Giration du Fluide d’Admission, Bulletin officiel de la Propriété Industrielle, INPI, FR2909716(A1). Website: http://fr.espacenet.com

  • Lumley JL (1967) The structure of inhomogeneous turbulent flows. In proceedings of the international colloquium, pp 166–178

  • Ly HV, Tran HT (2001) Modeling and control of physical processes using POD. Math Comput Model 33(1–3):223–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matekunas FA (1983) Modes and measures of cyclic combustion variability. SAE Trans 92(1):1139–1156

    Google Scholar 

  • Perret L, Collin E, Delville J (2006) Polynomial identification of POD based low-order dynamical system. J Turbul 7(17):1–15

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Pinsky M, Shapiro M, Khain A, Wirzberger H (2004) A statistical model of strains in homogeneous and isotropic turbulen. Physica D-Nonlinear Phenom 191:297–313

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindran SS (2002) Control of flow separation over a forward-facing step by model reduction. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 191(41–42):4599–4617

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves M, Garner CP, Dent JC, Halliwell NA (1994) Particle image velocimetry measurements of Barrel Swirl in a production geometry optical IC engine, SAE technical paper 940281, pp 1–9

  • Reeves M, Garner CP, Dent JC, Halliwell NA (1996) Full-field ic engine flow measurement using PIV. Optical Eng 35(2):579–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves M, Towers DP, Tavender B, Buckberry CH (1999) A high-speed all-digital technique for cycle-resolved 2-D flow measurement and flow visualisation within SI engine cylinders. Optics and Lasers in Eng 31(4):247–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rempfer D, Fasel HF (1994) Evolution of three-dimensional coherent structures in a flat-plate boundary layer. J Fluid Mech 260:351–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuss DL, Andrian RJ, Landreth CC, French DT, Fansler TD (1989) Instantaneous planar measurements of velocity and large scale vorticity and strain rate in an engine using particle image velocimetry, SAE technical paper 890616

  • Roudnitzky S, Druault P, Guibert P (2006) Proper orthogonal decomposition of In-cylinder engine flow into mean component, coherent structures and random Gaussian fluctuations. J Turbul 7(70):1–19

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley CW, Colonius T, Murray RM (2004) Model reduction for compressible flows using POD and Galerkin projection. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenom 189(1–2):115–129

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Sirovich L (1987) Turbulence and dynamics of coherent structures. Q Appl Math 45(3):561–571

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Stansfield P, Wigley G, Justham T, Catto J, Pitcher G (2007) PIV analysis of in-cylinder flow structures over a range of realistic engine speeds. Exp Fluids 43(1):135–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabaczinski RJ (1990) Turbulent flows in reciprocating internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engine technology, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 243–285

  • Towers DP, Towers CE (2004) Cyclic variability measurements of in-cylinder engine flows using high speed particle image velocimetry. Meas Sci Technol 15(9):1917–1925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utturkar Y, Zhang B, Shyy W (2005) Reduced-order description of fluid flow with moving boundaries by proper orthogonal decomposition. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 26(2):276–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westerweel J (1997) Fundamentals of digital particle image velocimetry. Meas Sci Technol 8(12):1379–1392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young MB (1981) Cyclic dispersion in the HCCI engine—a literature survey, SAE technical paper 810020

  • Zhongchang L, Xunjun L, Zhaohe Z (2002) Reducing exhaust emissions from an automotive DI diesel engine by means of air injection variable swirl inlet system, presented at the proceedings of the IEEE international vehicle electronics conference

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr. Jérôme Bonnéty for supports on experimental study and helpful discussions during the database post-treatment. This work was performed on behalf of the PREDIT program named OPERA and supported by Danielson Engineering, PSA and the French agency ADEME.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 2 Place de la Gare de Ceinture, 78210, Saint Cyr l’Ecole, France

    Trung-Thanh Vu & Philippe Guibert

Authors
  1. Trung-Thanh Vu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Philippe Guibert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philippe Guibert.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vu, TT., Guibert, P. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for cycle-to-cycle variations of engine flow. Effect of a control device in an inlet pipe. Exp Fluids 52, 1519–1532 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1268-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1268-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation