Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Periodic cavitation shedding in a cylindrical orifice

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cavitation structures in a large-scale (D = 8.25 mm), plain orifice style nozzle within a unique experimental rig are investigated using high-speed visualisation and digital image processing techniques. Refractive index matching with an acrylic nozzle is achieved using aqueous sodium iodide for the test fluid. Cavitation collapse length, unsteady shedding frequency and spray angles are measured for cavitation conditions from incipient to supercavitation for a range of Reynolds numbers, for a fixed L/D ratio of 4.85. Periodic cavitation shedding was shown to occur with frequencies between 500 and 2,000 Hz for conditions in which cavitation occupied less than 30% of the nozzle length. A discontinuity in collapse length was shown to occur once the cavitation exceeded this length, coinciding with a loss of periodic shedding. A mechanism for this behaviour is discussed. Peak spray angles of approximately θ ≈ 14° were recorded for supercavitation conditions indicating the positive influence of cavitation bubble collapse on the jet atomisation process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afzal H, Arcoumanis C, Gavaises M, Kampanis N (1999) Internal flow in diesel injector nozzles—modelling and experiments. IMechE Paper S492/S2/99:25–44

  • Andriotis A, Gavaises M, Arcoumanis C (2008) Vortex flow and cavitation in diesel injector nozzles. J Fluid Mech 610:195–215

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Arcoumanis C, Whitelaw J (2002) Is cavitation important in diesel engine injectors? In: Thermo- and fluid-dynamic processes in diesel engines: selected papers from the THIESEL 2000 conference held in Valencia, 2000. Spain, pp 145–159

  • Arcoumanis C, Flora H, Gavaises M, Kampanis N, Horrocks R (1999) Investigation of cavitation in a vertical multi-hole injector. SAE Paper 1999-01-0524

  • Asi O (2006) Failure of a diesel engine injector nozzle by cavitation damage. Eng Fail Anal 13(7):1126–1133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergwerk W (1959) Flow pattern in diesel nozzle spray holes. Proc Inst Mech Eng 173:655–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra BW, Collicott SH (1999) Experimental investigation of cavitation frequency in a slot orifice. In: 12th annual conference of ILASS, Americas, pp 379–383

  • Chaves H, Knapp M, Kubitzek A, Obermeier F, Schneider T (1995) Experimental study of cavitation in the nozzle hole of diesel injectors using transparent nozzles. SAE Paper 950290:199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman HW, Steele WG (1995) Engineering application of experimental uncertainty analysis. AIAA J 33(10):1888–1896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganippa L, Bark G, Andersson S, Chomiak J (2004) Cavitation: a contributory factor in the transition from symmetric to asymmetric jets in cross-flow nozzles. Exp Fluids 36:627–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gavaises M (2008) Flow in valve covered orifice nozzles with cylindrical and tapered holes and link to cavitation erosion and engine exhaust emissions. Int J Eng Res 9(6):435–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gavaises M, Andriotis A (2006) Cavitation inside multi-hole injectors for large diesel engines and its effect on the near-nozzle spray structure. SAE Paper 2006-01-1114

  • Gavaises M, Papoulias D, Andriotis A, Giannadakis E, Theodorakakos A (2007) Link between cavitation development and erosion damage in diesel fuel injector nozzles. SAE Paper 2007-01-0246

  • Hiroyasu H (2000) Spray breakup mechanism from the hole-type nozzle and its applications. Atomiz Spray 10(3–5):511–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Q, Franc JP, Michel JM (1993) Partial cavities: global behavior and mean pressure distribution. J Fluids Eng 115(2):243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Collicott SH (2006) Visualization of cavitation in high-pressure diesel fuel injector orifices. Atomiz Spray 16(8):875–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nurick WH (1976) Orifice cavitation and its effect on spray mixing. J Fluids Eng 98:681–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patil KR, Tripathi AD, Pathak G, Kattl S (1991) Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions. 2 Vapor pressure of aqueous solutions of NaBr, NaI, KCl, KBr, KI, RbCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsI, MgCl2, CaCl2, CaBr2, CaI2, SrCl2, SrBr2, SrI2, BaCl2, and BaBr2. J Chem Eng Data 36(2):225–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payri F, Bermudez V, Payri R, Salvador FJ (2004) The influence of cavitation on the internal flow and the spray characteristics in diesel injection nozzles. Fuel Vol 83(4–5):419–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid BA, Hargrave GK, Garner CP, Wigley G (2010) An investigation of string cavitation in a true-scale fuel injector flow geometry at high pressure. Phys Fluids 22:031703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz RD, Bracco FV (1982) Mechanisms of atomization of a liquid jet. Phys Fluids 25(10):1730–1742

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Saito Y (2002) Unstable cavitation behavior in a circular-cylindrical orifice flow. JSME Int J B Fluid T 45(3):638–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soteriou C, Andrews R, Smith M (1995) Direct injection diesel sprays and the effect of cavitation and hydraulic flip on atomization. SAE Paper 950080:27–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Soteriou C, Andrews R, Smith M (1999) Further studies of cavitation and atomization in diesel injection. SAE Paper 1999-01-1486

  • Sou A, Hosokawa S, Tomiyama A (2007) Effects of cavitation in a nozzle on liquid jet atomisation. Int J Heat Mass Tran 50:3575–3582

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sou A, Hosokawa S, Tomiyama A (2010) Cavitation in nozzles of plain orifice atomizers with various length-to-diameter ratios. Atomiz Spray 20(6):513−524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stutz B, Reboud JL (1997) Experiments on unsteady cavitation. Exp Fluids 22(3):191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamaki N, Shimizu M, Hiroyasu H (2001) Enhancement of the atomization of a liquid jet by cavitation in a nozzle hole. Atomiz Spray 11:125–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu K-J, Su C-C, Steinberger RL, Santavicca DA, Bracco FV (1983) Measurement of the spray angle of atomizing jets. J Fluids Eng 105:406–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

    C. Stanley, T. Barber, B. Milton & G. Rosengarten

Authors
  1. C. Stanley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Barber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Milton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Rosengarten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Stanley.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stanley, C., Barber, T., Milton, B. et al. Periodic cavitation shedding in a cylindrical orifice. Exp Fluids 51, 1189–1200 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1138-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1138-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation