Abstract
This study reveals the interaction patterns of separated shear layers from a circular cylinder with a short downstream plate and their reflection on the frequency and the formation length of the vortices from the cylinder as a function of plate location relative to the cylinder. The effect of horizontal (G/D) and vertical (Z/D) distances between the cylinder and the plate on the near wake is studied via Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) in a water channel for Reynolds numbers of 200, 400 and 750, based on the cylinder diameter D. It is shown that the interaction of wake with the plate of length D can be categorized depending on the horizontal and the vertical distances between the cylinder and the plate. For the vertical distance range of Z/D ≤ 0.7, there is a critical horizontal spacing before which the shear layers from the cylinder are inhibited to form vortices in front of the plate. Resulting elongated recirculation region between the plate and the cylinder suggests modification of the absolutely unstable near wake of free circular cylinder in favor of convective instability. Z/D = 0.9 provides a passage from Z/D ≤ 0.7 to ≥1.1 and is associated with a dominant effect on the near-wake characteristics of interaction of shear layers from the cylinder with those from the downstream plate. For Z/D ≥ 1.1, there is again, yet a smaller critical horizontal spacing after which vortices interact with decreased downstream plate interference. In this vertical separation distance range, a gap flow between the plate and the cylinder plays a determining role on the formation length and St number of vortices for small horizontal spacing values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson EA, Szewczyk AA (1997) Effects of a splitter plate on the near wake of a circular cylinder in 2- and 3-dimensional configurations. Exp Fluids 23:161–174
Apelt CJ, West GS, Szewczyk A (1973) The effects of wake splitter plates on the flow past a circular cylinder in the range 104 < Re < 5.104 part 1. J Fluid Mech 61:187–198
Baek H, Karniadakis GE (2009) Suppressing vortex-induced vibrations via passive means. J Fluids Struct 25:848–866
Bearman PW (1965) Investigation of the flow behind a two dimensional model with a blunt trailing edge and fitted with splitter plates. J Fluid Mech 21:241–255
Bechert DW (1985) Excitation of instability waves. Z Flufwiss Weltraumforsch 9(6):356–361
Boisaubert N, Texier A (1998) Effect of a splitter plate on the near-wake development of a semicircular cylinder. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 16:100–111
Choi H, Jeon WP, Kim J (2008) Control of flow over a bluff body. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 40:113–139
Chomaz JM, Huerre P, Redekopp LG (1988) Bifurcation of local and global modes in spatially developing flows. Phys Rev Lett 60:25–28
Cruz AS, David L, Pecheux J, Texier A (2005) Characterization by proper-orthogonal-decomposition of the passive controlled wake flow downstream of a half cylinder. Exp Fluids 39:730–742
Gerrard JH (1966) The mechanics of the formation region of vortices behind bluff bodies. J Fluid Mech 25:401–413
Gerrard JH (1978) The wakes of cylindrical bluff bodies at low Reynolds number. Phil Trans Roy Soc (Lond) Ser A 288(1354):351–382
Griffin OM, Hall MS (1991) Vortex shedding lock-on and flow control in bluff body wakes—Review. J Fluids Eng 113:526–537
Huerre P, Monkewitz PA (1985) Absolute and convective instabilities in free shear layers. J Fluid Mech 159:151–168
Hwang J-Y, Yang K-S, Sun S-H (2003) Reduction of flow-induced forces on a circular cylinder using a detached splitter plate. Phys Fluids 15(8):2433–2436
Khor M, Sheridan J, Thompson MC, Hourigan K (2008) Global frequency selection in the observed time-mean wakes of circular cylinders. J Fluid Mech 601:425–441
Koch W (1985) Local instability characteristics and frequency determination of self-excited wake flows. J Sound Vib 99:53–83
Kwon K, Choi H (1996) Control of laminar vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder using splitter plates. Phys Fluids 8(2):479–486
Leu T-S, Ho C-M (2000) Control of global instability in a non-parallel near wake. J Fluid Mech 404:345–378
Maekawa H, Mansour NN, Buell JC (1992) Instability mode interactions in a spatially developing plane wake. J Fluid Mech 235:223–254
Misirlioglu A, Unal MF, Bearman PW (1992) Passive control of wake from a circular cylinder with a splitter plate. IUTAM Symposium of Bluff Body Wakes, Dynamics and Instabilities, Göttingen, pp 77–80
Mittal S (2003) Effect of a ‘‘slip’’ splitter plate on vortex shedding from a cylinder. Phys Fluids 15(3):817–820
Nakamura Y (1996) Vortex shedding from bluff bodies with splitter plates. J Fluids Struct 10:147–158
Nakayama A, Noda H (2000) LES simulation of flow around a bluff body fitted with a splitter plate. J Wind Eng Ind Aero 85:85–96
Norberg C (1987) Effects of Reynolds number and a low-intensity freestream turbulence on the flow around a circular cylinder. Pub. 87/2, Dept. Applied Thermo. Fluid Mech. Chalmers University of Tech, Goteburg
Oertel H Jr (1990) Wakes behind blunt bodies. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 22:539–564
Ozono S (1999) Flow control of vortex shedding by a short splitter plate asymmetrically arranged downstream of a circular cylinder. Phys Fluids 11(10):2928–2934
Ozono S (2003) Vortex suppression of cylinders by wake deflectors. J Wind Eng Ind Aero 91:91–99
Roshko A (1954) On the drag and shedding frequency of two dimensional bluff bodies. NACA TN 3169:1–29
Strykowski PJ, Sreenivasan KR (1990) On the formation and suppression of vortex ‘shedding’ at low Reynolds numbers. J Fluid Mech 218:71–107
Unal MF, Rockwell D (1988a) On vortex formation from a cylinder Part 1: The initial instability. J Fluid Mech 190:491–512
Unal MF, Rockwell D (1988b) On vortex formation from a cylinder Part 2: Control by splitter plate interference. J Fluid Mech 190:513–529
Yucel SB (2008) Experimental investigation of bluff body wake modification by splitter plate. MSc thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul
Zdravkovich MM (1981) Review and classification of various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means for suppressing vortex shedding. J Wind Eng Ind Aero. 7(2):145–189
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yucel, S.B., Cetiner, O. & Unal, M.F. Interaction of circular cylinder wake with a short asymmetrically located downstream plate. Exp Fluids 49, 241–255 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0852-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0852-x