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Korneale Zelltherapie – Eine Übersicht

Corneal cell therapy—an overview

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Zusammenfassung

Die Kultivierung und Expansion von primären kornealen Zellen verzeichnet große Fortschritte in den letzten Jahren. Die Transplantation von kultivierten limbalen Epithelzellen ist bereits eine etablierte, erfolgreiche Therapie der okulären Oberfläche. Kultivierte korneale Endothelzellen werden derzeit in einer klinischen Studie in Japan getestet. Stromale Keratozyten können in vitro expandiert werden. Auch andere Stammzellgruppen können zu kornealen Zellen differenzieren und werden in Tiermodellen auf ihre Eignung überprüft. Bis zu ihrem klinischen Einsatz müssen allerdings noch Prozesse optimiert und vereinheitlicht, die Differenzierungseffizienz gesteigert und ethische Probleme adressiert werden. In diesem Übersichtsartikel fassen wir die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der kornealen Zelltherapie zusammen.

Abstract

In recent years, the cultivation and expansion of primary corneal cells has made significant progress. The transplantation of cultured limbal epithelial cells represents a successful and established treatment of the ocular surface. Cultivated corneal endothelial cells are undergoing a clinical trial in Japan. Stromal keratocytes can now be expanded in vitro. A wide range of stem cell sources is being tested in vitro and animal models for their possible application in corneal cell therapy. This article gives an overview of recent advancements and prevailing limitations for the use of different cell sources in the therapy of corneal disease.

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Abbreviations

ALK:

Anteriore lamelläre Keratoplastik

AM:

Amnionmembran

CLAL:

Conjunctivolimbal allograft

CLAU:

Conjunctivolimbal autograft

CLET:

Cultivated limbal epithelium transplantation

COMET:

Kultivierte orale Mukosaepitheliumtransplantation

DPSZ:

Dentale Pulpastammzellen

ESZ:

Embryonale Stammzellen

EZM:

Extrazellulärmatrix

GMP:

Good Manufacturing Practice

IPSZ:

Induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen

KEpZ:

Korneale Epithelzellen

KEZ:

Korneale Endothelzellen

KoEpZ:

Konjunktivale Epithelzellen

KSK:

Korneale stromale Keratozyten

KSSZ:

Korneale stromale Stammzellen

LSZ:

Limbale Stammzellen

LSZI:

Limbusstammzellinsuffizienz

MSZ:

Mesenchymale Stammzellen

PK:

Penetrierende Keratoplastik

PLGA:

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid

ROCK:

Rho-associated protein kinase

SF:

Stromale Fibroblasten

SLET:

Simple limbal epithelial transplantation

SZ:

Stammzellen

TE-DSEK:

Tissue-engineered Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    M. Fuest, P. Walter & N. Plange

  2. Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapur, Singapur

    M. Fuest, G. Hin-Fai Yam, G. Swee-Lim Peh & J. S. Mehta

  3. Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapur, Singapur

    G. Hin-Fai Yam, G. Swee-Lim Peh & J. S. Mehta

  4. Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapur, Singapur

    J. S. Mehta

  5. School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapur, Singapur

    J. S. Mehta

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  1. M. Fuest
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  2. G. Hin-Fai Yam
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  3. G. Swee-Lim Peh
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  4. P. Walter
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Correspondence to M. Fuest.

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M. Fuest, G. Hin-Fai Yam, G. Swee-Lim Peh, P. Walter, N. Plange und J.S. Mehta geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Fuest, M., Yam, G.HF., Peh, G.SL. et al. Korneale Zelltherapie – Eine Übersicht. Ophthalmologe 114, 705–715 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-017-0454-6

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