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Histologie im lebenden Auge

Nichtinvasive mikroskopische Struktur- und Funktionsanalyse der Netzhaut mit adaptiven Optiken

Histology of the living eye

Noninvasive microscopic structure and functional analysis of the retina with adaptive optics

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Zusammenfassung

Adaptive Optiken (AO) ermöglichen im lebenden Auge eine Untersuchung der Netzhaut auf zellulärer Ebene. Mittels AO können die Nervenfaserschicht, kleinste Blutgefäße der inneren Netzhaut, Photorezeptorzellen (Zapfen und Stäbchen) und das Mosaik des retinalen Pigmentepithels in gesunder und erkrankter Netzhaut direkt beobachtet werden. Eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen der Netzhaut zeigt schon jetzt, dass diese neugewonnenen strukturellen Details Krankheitsverläufe präziser beschreiben und in einigen Fällen eine Früherkennung ermöglichen können. Die Koppelung mit hochaufgelöster AO-Stimulation zeigt, dass auch visuelle Funktion auf zellulärer Ebene untersuchbar ist. Daraus ergeben sich völlig neue Wege für die klinische und interventionelle Ophthalmologie, und für die grundlagenwissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Sehens und der zugrunde liegenden neuronalen Strukturen.

Abstract

Equipping an ophthalmoscope with adaptive optics (AO) offers access to the living human retina with unprecedented spatial resolution. With AO, cellular structures such as the nerve fiber layer, the microvasculature of the smallest retinal capillaries, rod and cone photoreceptors and the mosaic of the retinal pigment epithelium are directly observable. A large number of studies in the normal and diseased retina have already shown that this level of detail offers new insights into disease mechanisms and progression, and promises to identify early disease markers. In conjunction with functional testing of single photoreceptors that is possible with AO microstimulation, a structure–function relationship on the cellular scale is within reach. These technological advances offer new avenues for clinical ophthalmology, interventional efforts, and basic research of the function and dysfunction of vision.

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Danksagung

Wir danken Toco Y.P. Chui (New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, NY, USA), Jacque L. Duncan (University of California San Francisco, CA, USA), Donald C. Hood (Columbia University, NY, USA), Marco Lombardo (Vision Engineering Italy srl, Rom, Italien), Donald T. Miller (Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA), Jessica I.W. Morgan (University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA), Zoran Popovic (University of Gothenburg, Sweden), Austin Roorda (University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA), Lawrence Sincich (University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA), Johnny Tam (University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA) für die unkomplizierte und kurzfristige Bereitstellung von Bildmaterial sowie Moritz Lindner (Universitätsaugenklinik Bonn, Deutschland) für fachliche Beratung.

Förderung

Emmy Noether-Programm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Ha 5323/5-1) und Carl Zeiss Wissenschaftsfonds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland

    N. Domdei M.Sc., J. L. Reiniger, M. Pfau, P. Charbel Issa, F. G. Holz & W. M. Harmening

  2. Institut für Zoologie und Tierphysiologie, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    N. Domdei M.Sc.

  3. Oxford Eye Hospital, OUH NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    P. Charbel Issa

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  1. N. Domdei M.Sc.
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  2. J. L. Reiniger
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  3. M. Pfau
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Correspondence to N. Domdei M.Sc..

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Interessenkonflikt

N. Domdei, J.L. Reiniger, M. Pfau, P. Charbel Issa, F.G. Holz und W.M. Harmening geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Domdei, N., Reiniger, J.L., Pfau, M. et al. Histologie im lebenden Auge. Ophthalmologe 114, 206–214 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-016-0411-9

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