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Trabekulektomie versus Kanaloplastik

Trabeculectomy versus canaloplasty

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Trabekulektomie bewirkt eine ausgezeichnete Senkung des Augeninnendrucks (IOD) und stellt bislang die Referenztechnik in der Glaukomchirurgie dar. Die Kanaloplastik ist ein nicht penetrierendes Verfahren, das mithilfe der Einführung eines Fadens in den Schlemm-Kanal der Aufspannung des Trabekelmaschenwerks dient und somit den natürlichen Kammerwasserabfluss wiederherstellt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den Vergleich von Trabekulektomie und Kanaloplastik mit und ohne Kataraktoperation.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgt eine Beschreibung und Diskussion von Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten sowie Fallberichten aus der Literatur.

Ergebnisse

Die Trabekulektomie erreicht eine höhere Drucksenkung ohne zusätzliche Glaukommedikation, jedoch treten häufiger schwere visusbedrohende Komplikationen auf. Die Kanaloplastik zeigt interessanterweise in Kombination mit einer Kataraktoperation eine stärkere Drucksenkung. Dagegen hat die alleinige Trabekulektomie einen besseren drucksenkenden Effekt als die Phakotrabekulektomie, da es aufgrund einer vermehrten Entzündungsreaktion zu einem Versagen des Filterkissens kommen kann.

Diskussion

Die Kanaloplastik kann eine Ergänzung zur Trabekulektomie darstellen, wenn ein höherer Ziel-IOD und drucksenkende Augentropfen toleriert werden, da die Inzidenz von Komplikationen gering und die postoperative Nachsorge weniger aufwendig ist. Für Patienten in einem frühen Stadium der Erkrankung sowie Hochrisikopatienten für ein Versagen der Filteroperation kann die Kanaloplastik insbesondere in Kombination mit einer Kataraktoperation, die einen additiven drucksenkenden Effekt hat, als Option gesehen werden.

Abstract

Background

Trabeculectomy provides an excellent reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and is the reference technique in the treatment of glaucoma patients. Canaloplasty is a relatively new surgical non-penetrating procedure for restoring the natural outflow pathway of aqueous humour. The aim of canaloplasty is to permanently distend the collapsed Schlemm’s canal with the placement of a 360° intracanalicular tension suture.

Objectives

This review article describes the comparison between trabeculectomy and canaloplasty with and without cataract surgery.

Material and methods

Original studies, case reports and reviews are described and the results are discussed.

Results

Although canaloplasty may not be as effective in reducing IOP, trabeculectomy can be associated with severe vision-threatening complications however, the combination of canaloplasty with cataract surgery achieves a higher IOP reduction than canaloplasty alone. In contrast, trabeculectomy alone provides better IOP control than phacotrabeculectomy due to a higher risk of early bleb scarring induced by an increased intraocular inflammatory reaction.

Conclusion

If a higher postoperative IOP is acceptable and additional topical glaucoma medication tolerable, canaloplasty can be considered as an alternative to trabeculectomy as the incidence of complications is low and postoperative care less intensive. Canaloplasty may also be suitable for patients with high risk of bleb failure and early glaucoma with a target IOP not necessarily requiring a filtering procedure. Therefore, canaloplasty offers a treatment option for the management of open-angle glaucoma, especially in combination with cataract surgery.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. J. Matlach und T. Klink geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Alle im vorliegenden Manuskript beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden mit Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt. Von allen beteiligten Patienten liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor.

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Matlach, J., Klink, T. Trabekulektomie versus Kanaloplastik. Ophthalmologe 112, 325–331 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-014-3160-7

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