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Klassifizierung und Nachweis multiresistenter Erreger

Classification and diagnostics of multiresistant bacteria

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Zusammenfassung

Multiresistente Erreger verbreiten sich weltweit. Bei chromosomal kodierten Resistenzen erfolgt dies durch klonale Verbreitung einer Spezies, wie methicillinresistente Staphylococcus-aureus-Stämme. Plasmidkodierte Resistenzmechanismen wie „extended-spectrum“ β-Laktamasen verbreiten sich noch effektiver, da sie auch auf andere Spezies übertragbar sind. Der Erwerb weiterer Resistenzgene bedingt stark eingeschränkte Therapieoptionen, die vermehrt zu Therapieversagen führen. Die Labordiagnostik ist schwierig und zeitaufwendig und bedarf einer Kombination verschiedener phänotypischer und molekulargenetischer Verfahren. Vom behandelnden Arzt werden zunehmend Kenntnisse über Therapie und Diagnostik gefordert.

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant organisms are spreading worldwide. Chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms are spread by clonal expansion, e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Plasmid-encoded mechanisms such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases spread even more efficiently because they can also be horizontally transferred into other species. Acquisition of additional resistance genes minimizes therapeutic options and leads to frequent treatment failure. Laboratory diagnostics is laborious and time-consuming and requires combinations of different phenotypic and molecular methods. Increasing knowledge of treatment and diagnostics is essential for physicians.

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Schneider, C., Serr, A. Klassifizierung und Nachweis multiresistenter Erreger. Ophthalmologe 107, 306–312 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-009-2073-3

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