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Amnionmembrantransplantation

Eine unverzichtbare Therapieoption bei persistierenden kornealen Epitheldefekten

Amniotic membrane transplantation

An indispensable therapy option for persistent corneal epithelial defects

  • Das therapeutische Prinzip
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Zusammenfassung

Die Transplantation von kryokonservierter Amnionmembran (AMT) ist heute in der Therapie persistierender Hornhautepitheldefekte nicht mehr wegzudenken. Bei persistierenden Hornhautulzera sollte die AMT frühzeitig erwogen werden, um eine Keratoplastik à chaud oder gar eine Bindehautdeckung zu vermeiden. Eine differenzierte chirurgische Technik bedingt unterschiedliche Integrationsmuster in die Kornea. Die Sandwich-Technik scheint im Vergleich zur reinen Graft- oder Patch-Technik bezüglich der primären Erfolgs- und Rezidivrate Vorteile zu haben. Infektionen nach AMT sind extrem selten, aber nicht ausgeschlossen. Postoperativ sollte auf phosphathaltige Augentropfen verzichtet werden, um Verkalkungen zu vermeiden. Die AMT hat vielfältige Vorzüge vor, statt, während oder nach der Keratoplastik. Eine konsequente Therapie der Grunderkrankung ist jedoch für den Therapieerfolg absolut unerlässlich.

Abstract

Nowadays, cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is omnipresent in the therapy of persistent corneal epithelial defects. With persistent corneal ulcers AMT should be considered early, to avoid keratoplasty à chaud or even a conjunctival flap. A differentiated microsurgical technique results in different integration patterns of AM into the human cornea. The sandwich technique seems to have advantages in contrast to the solitary graft or patch techniques with respect to primary success and recurrence rate. Corneal infections are extremely rare after AMT, but may happen. Postoperatively, phosphate-containing eye drops should not be used to avoid corneal calcification. AMT appears to have a great variety of merits before, instead of, during, or even after keratoplasty. The consequent systemic therapy of underlying diseases is absolutely indispensable for durable success of AMT.

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Seitz, B. Amnionmembrantransplantation. Ophthalmologe 104, 1075–1079 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1661-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1661-3

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