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Femtosekundenlaser für die refraktive Hornhautchirurgie

Grundlagen, Wirkungsweise und klinische Anwendungen

Femtosecond laser for refractive corneal surgery

Foundations, mode of action and clinical applications

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Zusammenfassung

Die moderne korneale Hornhautchirurgie zur Korrektur von Fehlsichtigkeiten erfordert eine präzise, zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Erzeugung von Hornhautlentikeln (Flaps). Die Verwendung von ultrakurzen Laserpulsen im Zeitbereich von wenigen 100 fs (10-13 s) bietet die Möglichkeit, okuläres Gewebe ohne thermischen Einfluss auf umliegende Gewebestrukturen zu schneiden. Über mechanisch-optische Adaption der Femtosekundenlaser an das Gewebe lassen sich heute sehr dünne Flaps mit einer mittleren Dicke von 100 µm und einer hohen Reproduzierbarkeit (Standardabweichung ca. 10 µm) erzeugen. Somit bieten Femtosekundenlaser bereits heute eine Alternative zu herkömmlichen mechanischen Mikrokeratomen. Bezüglich Sicherheit im klinischen Einsatz sind die Femtosekundenlaser und die mechanischen Mikrokeratome durchaus vergleichbar.

Abstract

Modern corneal laser surgery for the correction of optical errors of the eye requires a precise, reliable and reproducible creation of corneal lenticels (flaps). The use of ultra-short laser pulses with pulse durations of a few 100 femtoseconds (10−13 s) allows for non-thermal cuts of ocular tissue. Mean flap thicknesses as small as 100 μm with a reproducibility of 10 μm (standard deviation) can be created by using mechano-optical adaptations through the eye. Thus, the femtosecond laser can be considered a good alternative approach with a safety in clinical use that is comparable with that of mechanical microkeratomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. nta Hochschule, Isny im Allgäu, Deutschland

    A. Donges

  2. Femtotechnologies GmbH, Kleinmachnow, Deutschland

    G. Korn

  3. IROC Institut für Refraktive und Ophthalmo-Chirurgie, Stockerstaße 37, 8002, Zürich, Schweiz

    M. Mrochen

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  1. M. Mrochen
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  2. A. Donges
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  3. G. Korn
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Correspondence to M. Mrochen.

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Mrochen, M., Donges, A. & Korn, G. Femtosekundenlaser für die refraktive Hornhautchirurgie. Ophthalmologe 103, 1005–1013 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-006-1450-4

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