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Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid zur Behandlung intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid ist in den letzten beiden Jahren exponentiell zunehmend zur Behandlung verschiedener intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen verwendet worden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse zu geben.

Methode und Ergebnisse

Die relativ besten Therapieergebnisse wurden bisher bei intraretinalen ödematösen Erkrankungen erreicht, insbesondere beim diffusen diabetischen Makulaödem und bei zystoiden Makulaödemen durch retinalen Zentralvenen- und Venenastverschluss. Zusätzlich liegen positive Berichte über die Verwendung von intravitrealem Triamcinolonacetonid zur Therapie der sympathischen Ophthalmie, perifovealer Teleangieaktasien und nichtinfektiöser Uveitis unterschiedlicher Genese vor. Möglicherweise ist intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid hilfreich bei der angiostatischen Therapie der Rubeosis iridis und bei proliferierenden ischämischen Retinopathien. Eventuell hat es, mit oder ohne photodynamische Therapie, zusätzlich ein gewisses Einsatzgebiet bei der exsudativen altersassoziierten Makuladegeneration. Bei chronischer, therapieresistenter, okulärer Hypotonie am Übergang zur Phthisis bulbi kann manchmal durch eine intravitreale Injektion von Triamcinolon eine Steigerung des Augeninnendrucks und eine Stabilisierung der inneren Homoiostase des Auges erreicht werden. Die Rolle von intravitrealem Triamcinolon zur unterstützenden Therapie einer proliferativen Vitreoretinopathie ist unklar. Die Injektion kann mit einer Kataraktoperation kombiniert werden. Kataraktoperationen, die Monate nach der Injektion durchgeführt werden, haben keine wesentlich erhöhte Komplikationsrate. Erfolgt auf eine erste intravitreale Injektion ein Visusanstieg, kann sie wiederholt werden. Die Dauer der Wirkung einer intravitrealen Triamcinoloninjektion liegt wahrscheinlich in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Dosis zwischen 2 und 9 Monaten. Triamcinolon wurde bis zu 9 Monate nach einer Injektion von 25 mg im Kammerwasser nachgewiesen. Komplikationen der intravitrealen Applikation von Triamcinolonacetonid, wie z. B. eine okuläre Hypertension in etwa 40% der injizierten Augen, ein kataraktogener Effekt, eine postoperative infektiöse oder sterile Endophthalmitis und eine Pseudoendophthalmitis, werden in einer weiteren Arbeit dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die intravitreale Triamcinolontherapie ist unter Umständen eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit, um intraokuläre ödematöse und neovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu behandeln. Die Komplikationen und die noch fehlenden Langzeitbeobachtungen sind zu bedenken.

Abstract

Background

Within the last 2 years, intravitreal application of triamcinolone acetonide has exponentially increased as a treatment option for various intraocular neovascular and edematous proliferative disorders.

Methods and results

The best response to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in terms of gain in visual acuity was obtained for eyes with intraretinal edematous diseases such as diffuse diabetic macular edema, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Visual acuity increased and degree of intraocular inflammation decreased in eyes with various types of noninfectious uveitis including sympathetic ophthalmia. Intravitreal triamcinolone may be useful as angiostatic therapy in eyes with iris neovascularization and proliferative ischemic retinopathies. Possibly, intravitreal triamcinolone may be helpful for exudative age-related macular degeneration, alone or in combination with photodynamic therapy. In eyes with chronic, therapy-resistant, ocular hypotony, intravitreal triamcinolone can induce an increase in intraocular pressure and may stabilize the eye. The complications of intravitreal triamcinolone therapy, such as secondary ocular hypertension in about 40% of the eyes injected, cataractogenesis, postoperative infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis, and pseudo-endophthalmitis will be covered in another article. Intravitreal triamcinolone injection can be combined with other intraocular surgeries including cataract surgery. Cataract surgery performed some months after the injection did not show a markedly elevated rate of complications. If vision increases after the intravitreal triamcinolone injection, the injection can be repeated. The duration of the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone ranges between 2 and 9 months, probably depending on the dosage used.

Conclusions

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may offer a possibility for adjunctive treatment of intraocular oedematous and neovascular disorders. One has to take into account the side effects and the lack of long-term follow-up observations.

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  1. Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Heidelberg

    J. B. Jonas, I. Kreissig, B. Kamppeter & R. F. Degenring

  2. Augenklinik, Universität, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167, Mannheim

    J. B. Jonas

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  1. J. B. Jonas
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  2. I. Kreissig
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  3. B. Kamppeter
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  4. R. F. Degenring
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Jonas, J.B., Kreissig, I., Kamppeter, B. et al. Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid zur Behandlung intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen. Ophthalmologe 101, 113–120 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-003-0982-0

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