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The effect of prolonged laser activation on irrigation fluid temperature: an in vitro experimental study

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the effect of prolonged laser activation on irrigation fluid temperature by varying the power settings flow rate (10–30 ml/min).

Materials and methods

An experimental study using a 20 ml syringe, 12/14 ureteral access sheath, a dual-lumen catheter and a thermocouple was performed. The laser was fired with 12 W (0.3 J × 40 Hz), 40 W (1 J × 40 Hz), 60 W (1.5 J × 40 Hz) using Quanta Ho 150 W (Quanta System, Samarate, Italy). All trials were performed with fluid outflow rate of 10, 20 and 30 ml/min with the fixed fluid volume at 10 ml.

Results

Continuous laser activation for 10 min with the outflow rate of 10 ml/min using only 12 W resulted to continuous temperature rise to as high as 83 °C. Similar rise of temperatures were observed for 40 W and 60 W with 10 ml/min outflow rate with intermittent laser activation. With 20 and 30 ml/min outflow rates the maximum temperatures for all power settings were below the threshold (< 43 °C). However, the time to reach the same total emitted energy was 60% and 40% shorter 60 W and 40 W, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study found that continuous laser activation with as less as 12 W using 10 ml/min outflow rate increased the irrigation fluid temperature above the threshold only after 1 min. In the current experimental setup, with the fluid outflow rate of 20 and 30 ml/min safe laser activation with 60 W and 40 W (temperature < 43 °C) can be achieved reaching the same total emitted energy as with 12 W in significantly shorter time period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio, 26500, Patras, Greece

    Arman Tsaturyan, Angelis Peteinaris, Lampros Pantazis, Konstantinos Pagonis, Constantinos Adamou, Athanasios Vagionis, Anastasios Natsos, Evangelos Liatsikos & Panagiotis Kallidonis

  2. Plasma Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Ergina Farsari

  3. Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Evangelos Liatsikos

  4. Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia

    Evangelos Liatsikos

Authors
  1. Arman Tsaturyan
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  2. Angelis Peteinaris
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  3. Lampros Pantazis
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  4. Ergina Farsari
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  5. Konstantinos Pagonis
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  6. Constantinos Adamou
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  7. Athanasios Vagionis
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  8. Anastasios Natsos
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  9. Evangelos Liatsikos
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  10. Panagiotis Kallidonis
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Contributions

AT: project development, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing. AP: data analysis and manuscript writing. LP: data collection, manuscript editing. EF: data interpretation. KP: data collection, manuscript editing. CA: data collection, manuscript editing. AV: data collection, manuscript editing. AN: data collection, manuscript editing. EL: project development, manuscript editing. PK: project development, manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arman Tsaturyan.

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There is no financial support or funding, and there is no conflict of interest.

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No ethical approval was required for performing the current study.

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Tsaturyan, A., Peteinaris, A., Pantazis, L. et al. The effect of prolonged laser activation on irrigation fluid temperature: an in vitro experimental study. World J Urol 40, 1873–1878 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-04000-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-04000-8

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