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Simulation training in transurethral resection/laser vaporization of the prostate; evidence from a systematic review by the European Section of Uro-Technology

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Abstract

Purpose

Transurethral resection (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) constitute established surgical options to treat benign prostate hyperplasia. We investigated the current literature for simulators that could be used as a tool for teaching urologists alone or within the boundaries of a course or a curriculum.

Methods

A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials—CENTRAL. Search terms included: Simulat*, train*, curricull*, transurethral, TUR*, vaporesect*, laser. The efficacy of different simulators and the impact of different devices, curricula and courses in training and trainee learning curves were the primary endpoints.

Results

Thirty-one studies are selected and presented. Validated virtual reality TURP simulators are the UW VR, PelvicVision, Uro-Trainer, and TURPsim™. Validated synthetic TURP models are Dr. K. Forke's TURP trainer, Bristol TURP trainer, different tissue prostate models, and 3D-printed phantoms. The Myo Sim PVP and the GreenLightTM are sufficiently validated PVP simulators. Several TURP and PVP training curricula have been developed and judged as applicable. Finally, the TURP modules of the European Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) Hands-on Training course and the Urology Simulation Bootcamp Course (USBC) are the most basic annual TURP courses identified in the international literature.

Conclusions

Simulators and courses or curricula are valuable learning and training TURP/PVP tools. The existent models seem efficient, are not always adequately evaluated and accepted. As part of training curricula and training courses, the use of training simulators can significantly improve quality for young urologists' education and clinical practice.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology and Andrology, General Hospital Hall in Tirol, Milser Str. 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Theodoros Tokas, Gernot Ortner & Udo Nagele

  2. Training and Research in Urological Surgery and Technology (T.R.U.S.T.)-Group, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Theodoros Tokas, Gernot Ortner, Thomas Herrmann & Udo Nagele

  3. Department of Urology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Angelis Peteinaris & Panagiotis Kallidonis

  4. Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK

    Bhaskar Kumar Somani

  5. Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland

    Thomas Herrmann

  6. Department of Urology, Riuniti Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy

    Domenico Veneziano

  7. Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken, Klinikum Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany

    Ali Serdar Gözen

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  1. Theodoros Tokas
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  2. Gernot Ortner
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  3. Angelis Peteinaris
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  4. Bhaskar Kumar Somani
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  5. Thomas Herrmann
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  6. Udo Nagele
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  7. Domenico Veneziano
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  8. Ali Serdar Gözen
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  9. Panagiotis Kallidonis
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Contributions

TT: protocol/project development, manuscript writing. GO, AP: data collection, data analysis. BKS, TRWH, UN, DV, ASG: interpreting data, manuscript revision. PK: manuscript writing.

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Correspondence to Theodoros Tokas.

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Tokas, T., Ortner, G., Peteinaris, A. et al. Simulation training in transurethral resection/laser vaporization of the prostate; evidence from a systematic review by the European Section of Uro-Technology. World J Urol 40, 1091–1110 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-021-03886-0

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