Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preliminary assessment of a portable Raman spectroscopy system for post-operative urinary stone analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
World Journal of Urology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the reliability of a portable device that applies Raman spectroscopy at an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm for the post-operative analysis of urinary stone composition.

Materials and methods

Urinary stone samples were obtained post-operatively from 300 patients. All samples were analyzed by the portable Raman spectroscopy system at an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm as well as by infrared spectroscopy (IR), and the results were compared.

Results

Both Raman spectroscopy and IR could detect multiple stone components, including calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, cystine, and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate. The results from 1064-nm Raman analysis matched those from IR analysis for 96.0% (288/300) of cases. Although IR detected multiple components within samples more often than Raman analysis (239 vs 131), the Raman analysis required less time to complete than IR data acquisition (5 min vs 30 min).

Conclusions

These preliminary results indicate that 1064-nm Raman spectroscopy can be applied in a portable and automated analytical system for rapid detection of urinary stone composition in the post-operative clinical setting.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trail Register ID: ChiCTR2000039810 (approved WHO primary register) http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63662.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

IR:

Infrared spectroscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

COM:

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

COD:

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

CaP:

Calcium phosphate

UA:

Uric acid

MAPH:

Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate

SVM:

Support vector machine

References

  1. Pak CY (1998) Kidney stones. Lancet 351:1797

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Heers H, Turney BW (2016) Trends in urological stone disease: a 5-year update of hospital episode statistics. BJU Int 118:785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG (2010) Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol 12:e86

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Zeng G, Mai Z, Xia S et al (2017) Prevalence of kidney stones in China: an ultrasonography based cross-sectional study. BJU Int 120:109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kirkali Z, Rasooly R, Star RA et al (2015) Urinary stone disease: progress, status, and needs. Urology 86:651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Uribarri J, Oh MS, Carroll HJ (1989) The first kidney stone. Ann Intern Med 111:1006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J (2005) The metabolic syndrome–a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366:1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fink HA, Akornor JW, Garimella PS et al (2009) Diet, fluid, or supplements for secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol 56:72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Strohmaier WL (2000) Course of calcium stone disease without treatment. What can we expect? Eur Urol 37:339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rodgers AL, Nassimbeni LR, Mulder KJ (1982) A multiple technique approach to the analysis of urinary calculi. Urol Res 10:177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brien G, Schubert G, Bick C (1982) 10,000 analyses of urinary calculi using X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscopy. Eur Urol 8:251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K et al (2017) Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World J Urol 35:1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lotan Y (2009) Economics and cost of care of stone disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 16:5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lotan Y, Cadeddu JA, Roerhborn CG et al (2004) Cost-effectiveness of medical management strategies for nephrolithiasis. J Urol 172:2275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pak CY, Poindexter JR, Adams-Huet B et al (2003) Predictive value of kidney stone composition in the detection of metabolic abnormalities. Am J Med 115:26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Straub M, Strohmaier WL, Berg W et al (2005) Diagnosis and metaphylaxis of stone disease. Consensus concept of the National working committee on stone disease for the upcoming German urolithiasis guideline. World J Urol 23:309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Corrales M, Doizi S, Barghouthy Y et al (2021) Classification of stones according to michel daudon: a narrative review. Eur Urol Focus 7(1):13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Schubert G (2006) Stone analysis. Urol Res 34:146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Beischer DE (1955) Analysis of renal calculi by infrared spectroscopy. J Urol 73:653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wignall GR, Cunningham IA, Denstedt JD (2009) Coherent scatter computed tomography for structural and compositional stone analysis: a prospective comparison with infrared spectroscopy. J Endourol 23:351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sun X, Shen L, Cong X et al (2011) Infrared spectroscopic analysis of 5,248 urinary stones from Chinese patients presenting with the first stone episode. Urol Res 39:339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tonannavar J, Deshpande G, Yenagi J et al (2016) Identification of mineral compositions in some renal calculi by FT Raman and IR spectral analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 154:20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Corns CM (1983) Infrared analysis of renal calculi: a comparison with conventional techniques. Ann Clin Biochem 20(Pt 1):20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Takasaki E (1996) Carbonate in struvite stone detected in Raman spectra compared with infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. Int J Urol 3:27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Muhammed Shameem KM, Chawla A, Mallya M et al (2018) Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Raman: an effective complementary approach to analyze renal-calculi. J Biophotonics 11:e201700271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Castiglione V, Sacré PY, Cavalier E et al (2018) Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone structure analysis: case-study and comparison to Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 13:e0201460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Miernik A, Eilers Y, Bolwien C et al (2013) Automated analysis of urinary stone composition using raman spectroscopy: pilot study for the development of a compact portable system for immediate postoperative ex vivo application. J Urol 190:1895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Miernik A, Hein S, Wilhelm K et al (2017) pakUrinary stone analysis - what does the future hold in store? Aktuelle Urol 48:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Miernik A, Eilers Y, Nuese C et al (2015) Is in vivo analysis of urinary stone composition feasible? Evaluation of an experimental setup of a Raman system coupled to commercial lithotripsy laser fibers. World J Urol 33:1593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Wei Zhu and Zhouna Sun have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China

    Wei Zhu, Liefu Ye, Qingguo Zhu & Fengguang Yang

  2. Department of General Clinic, Community Health Service Center, Lianqian Street, Siming district, Xiamen, 361000, China

    Zhouna Sun

  3. Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China

    Xiaoping Zhang, Yifei Xing, Guosong Jiang, Zhaohui Chen, Ke Chen & Liang Wang

  4. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361000, China

    En Ma

Authors
  1. Wei Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhouna Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Liefu Ye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaoping Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yifei Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Qingguo Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Fengguang Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Guosong Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Zhaohui Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Ke Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. En Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Liang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Protocol/project development: EM and LW. Data collection or management: GJ, ZC, KC, EM, and LW. Data analysis: WZ, ZS, QZ, FY, EM, and LW. Manuscript writing/editing or review: WZ, ZS, LY, YX, EM, and LW.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to En Ma or Liang Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethics approval

The study design was approved by Union Hospital ethics review board. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent for publication

Consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhu, W., Sun, Z., Ye, L. et al. Preliminary assessment of a portable Raman spectroscopy system for post-operative urinary stone analysis. World J Urol 40, 229–235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-021-03838-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-021-03838-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation