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Silicon and Titanium Dioxide Mitigate Copper Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Through Regulating Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

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Abstract

Copper (Cu), with many documented cases of Cu toxicity in agriculture lands, is becoming an increasingly common issue in the world, but fewer studies have been conducted on its effects and alleviation strategies through the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and silicon (Si). For this purpose, we have conducted a pot experiment to determine the effects of seed priming with TiO2-NPs i.e., 40 mg L−1 and Si i.e., 3 mM on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different levels of Cu in the soil i.e., 0 (no Cu), 100 and 200 mg kg−1. Results from the present study showed that the increasing concentrations of Cu in the soil caused a significant decrease in the plant growth and biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas-exchange characteristics, sugar content, essential ions in the roots and shoots of the plant, compared to control. In addition, increasing concentration of Cu also increases oxidative damage, enzymatic and non-enzymatic enzymes along with their gene expression, organic acids exudation patter and Cu concentration in the roots and shoots of the plant. The negative impact of Cu toxicity can overcome the application of TiO2-NPs and Si, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased oxidative stress in T. aestivum by decreasing the Cu contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of TiO2-NPs and Si can ameliorate Cu toxicity in T. aestivum, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs; Research Chair of Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water.

Funding

This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs; Research Chair of Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Rana M. Alshegaihi

  2. Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar

    Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

  3. Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Ammara Saleem

  4. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad , 45320, Pakistan

    Baber Ali

  5. Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Humera Aziz

  6. Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Humera Aziz

  7. Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

  8. Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abed Alataway, Ahmed Z. Dewidar & Hosam O. Elansary

  9. Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Z. Dewidar

  10. Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hosam O. Elansary

Authors
  1. Rana M. Alshegaihi
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  2. Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
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  3. Ammara Saleem
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  4. Baber Ali
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  5. Humera Aziz
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  6. Shah Fahad
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  7. Abed Alataway
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  8. Ahmed Z. Dewidar
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  9. Hosam O. Elansary
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Contributions

Conceptualization, RMA; Data curation, HA; Formal analysis, BA and AZD; Funding acquisition, HA, AA, AZD and HOE; Investigation, AS and MHS; Methodology, AS and MHS; Project administration, HA and HOE; Resources, AA; Software, MHS, HA and BA; Supervision, MHS; Validation, SF, BA, MHS, AZD; Visualization, SF; Writing—original draft, RMA, AS, HA, MHS and BA; Writing—review & editing, HA, MHS, AS, RMA, BA, AA, AZD and HOE, SF. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Hamzah Saleem or Shah Fahad.

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Alshegaihi, R.M., Saleem, M.H., Saleem, A. et al. Silicon and Titanium Dioxide Mitigate Copper Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Through Regulating Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. J Plant Growth Regul 43, 1519–1535 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11204-8

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