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Foliar Glutamine Application Improves Grain Yield and Nutritional Quality of Field-Grown Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrid ZD958

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Abstract

Foliar fertilization is an important agricultural practice. The response of crop plants to foliar application of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium has been well recognized. However, little is known about crop plants’ response to the foliar spray of organic sources of nutrient, in particular, under field conditions. Here, we sprayed glutamine (Gln) at V6, V8, V12, R1 (silk), and R3 (dough) stages of maize hybrid ZD958 to investigate the physiological impacts on grain yield and nutritional quality under sufficient and low-N conditions for two consecutive years. Exogenous application of Gln (1.25 mM) significantly enhanced grain yield approximately by 20.0% under sufficient N and 38.0% under low N, as a combinatorial effect of increases in kernel number and kernel weight. The higher N concentrations in the ear and delaying leaf senescence favor the kernel setting and grain filling, preconditioning higher grain yield at harvest. Further, Gln spray resulted in higher nutritional quality kernels as indicated by higher concentrations of crude proteins, minerals, oil, unsaturated fatty acids (i.e., oleic, and linoleic acids), total carotenoids (i.e., β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and violaxanthin), and α-tocopherol, partially attributing to larger nutrient-rich embryos. Taken together, our findings revealed how Gln promotes maize production and an additional potential to improve grain yield and nutritional quality traits of maize and other closely related cereal crops.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author on request (Xuexian Li, steve@cau.edu.cn).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1901103) and National Science Foundation of China (31972491).

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  1. Md Monirul Islam and Mahmood Ul Hassan have been contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKL-NUM), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Md Monirul Islam, Mahmood Ul Hassan, Muhammad Ishfaq, Faisal Nadeem, Zeeshan Ahmad, Jiuliang Xu, Peng Ning & Xuexian Li

  2. Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh

    Md Monirul Islam

  3. Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Mahmood Ul Hassan

  4. The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Farhana Alam Ripa

  5. Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Mahakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

    Farhana Alam Ripa

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Contributions

XL, MI, MH, and JX designed the experiments. MI and MH performed the experiments. MI, FR, MI, XL, and PN wrote the manuscript. MI, FN, PN, and ZA revised the paper. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xuexian Li.

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Islam, M.M., Hassan, M.U., Ishfaq, M. et al. Foliar Glutamine Application Improves Grain Yield and Nutritional Quality of Field-Grown Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrid ZD958. J Plant Growth Regul 43, 624–637 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11121-w

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