Abstract
Environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity affecting the top and bottom node of the soybean plant, are important determinants of the seed constituents, and these are neglected over the years. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin (PA), sucrose, oil, protein, and metabolite content of four black soybean to identify the changes during seed development stages at different node positions of the soybean plant. The soybean stem was divided into two equal parts depending on the number of nodes. Seeds with uniform size at the top and bottom node were harvested at R6: full-size seed, R7: physiological maturity, and R8: when 95% of the pods were matured. Among the four varieties used, the E314 accounted for the highest anthocyanin content (2.43 mg g−1) at the top node of R8 stage. In addition, at the top node, increased PA contents were observed, and the maximum content (3.14 mg g−1) was obtained at the R7 stage in E314 cultivar. Sucrose content declined as the seed matured from R6 to R8 with the highest content (9.77 mg g−1) at the top node of R6 stage. The metabolic pathway analysis revealed that node position had profoundly influenced the metabolic profile including lysine biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis at the various development stages of the seed. Our results provide optimum growth stage and node position of soybean seed to be harvested to obtain maximum seed components since seed harvested at the top position contained higher protein, anthocyanin, and PA than seed from the bottom node.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300209), China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04-PS19) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301277).
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JL and WY; Conceptualization. DT and MAA: Data curation. DT, MAA, AU, XH, and HHJ; Formal analysis. JL; funding acquisition. JL; Investigation. JL and WY; Methodology. JL and WY; Project administration. JL and WY; Resources. MUF, C-WX, XX, and KSC: Software. JL; Supervision. JL; Validation. DT, MAA, and AU; Visualization. DT, MAA, Jiang Liu and WY; Roles/Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing.
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Takpah, D., Asghar, M.A., Raza, A. et al. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Soybean Node Position Influence on Metabolic Profile of Soybean Seed at Various Developmental Stages. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 6788–6800 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11048-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11048-2