Abstract
Model organisms are commonly employed in research as convenient tools for studying diverse biological processes. Plant research relied on several non-model plants until the Arabidopsis thaliana was developed as powerful model for identifying genes and determining their functions. To study the genetics of unique processes in different species, few other model photosynthetic organisms have recently been established, including Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Chlamydomonas reinhardatii, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Triticum dicoccoides, Populus trichocarpa, and Picea abies. However, when it comes to answering different biological problems, each of the current model plants has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and many questions about land plant adaptation strategies at the level of morpho-physiology, development, and stress mitigation could not be adequately answered using these models. Furthermore, the high occurrence of embryo lethal mutations rendered studying the molecular basis of 3-dimensional (3-D) growth and gametogenesis unfeasible. Since bryophytes have a low cellular complexity and a dominant haploid gametophytic phase, they could be useful models not only for avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks, but also for functional genomics research and understanding the chronology of land plant evolution. These distinguishing characteristics and the advancement of sequencing technology have led to the development of some bryophytes as modern model plants, including Physcomitrium patens, Marchantia polymorpha, Anthoceros agrestis. Here, we review at how bryophytes became model plants, and how they have been able to answer crucial plant biology-related concerns like stress tolerance and evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) biology that other model plants have not been able to.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank all members of the bryophyte research community for their landmark role in identification and listing the bryophytes across the world. We apologize for not being able to include all such work in this review because of space limitations and the theme of this review. We also apologize in advance to the esteemed bryological research fraternity if we have missed their contributions non-deliberately in our list of citations (main text and supplementary information) of this review. Ms. Sandhya Yadav is thankful to University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). Ms. Akanksha Srivastava is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology-Innovation of Science Pursuit for the Inspire Research (DST–INSPIRE) Fellowship, New Delhi, India. Mr. Subhankar Biswas is thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India for SRF. Dr. Yogesh Mishra acknowledges the financial support provided by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (Grant number: BT/PR32376/AGIII/103/1145/2019). Dr. Mishra is also thankful to Institute of Eminence (IOE) Incentive Grant, Banaras Hindu University (R/Dev/D/IOE/Incentive/2021-22/32401).
Funding
This study was supported by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (Grant No. BT/PR32376/AGIII/103/1145/2019).
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SY: Literature curation, writing—original draft, reviewing and editing. SB: Literature curation, writing—original draft, reviewing and editing, designing figures, and formal analysis related to figures. AS: writing—original draft, reviewing and editing. SB: writing—original draft, reviewing and editing. RM: Designing figures and reviewing original draft. SKS: Critical comments on the original draft and editing. YM: Conceptualization, literature curation, writing—original draft, reviewing and editing, supervision, and funding acquisition.
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Yadav, S., Basu, S., Srivastava, A. et al. Bryophytes as Modern Model Plants: An Overview of Their Development, Contributions, and Future Prospects. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 6933–6950 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10986-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10986-1