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Influence of Tendrils and IBA on Rhizogenic Responses in Cuttings of Black Pepper Cultivars: Histological and Histochemical Aspects

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Abstract

The Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is appreciated worldwide for its pleasant aroma and spicy flavor. New plants are established by vegetative propagation of stem cuttings and addition of growth regulators to improve rooting. Here, we aimed to evaluate the influence of tendrils and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the anatomy and adventitious rooting of cuttings from three black pepper cultivars, namely ‘Bragantina’, ‘Guajarina’, and ‘Iaçará’. The following variables were assessed: survival percentage; sprouting; total, basal, and nodal rooting; number and length of basal, nodal, and total roots; and total root volume. The highest rooting rates (76.4%) were recorded in IBA-treated cuttings lacking tendrils, highlighting the potential of ‘Guajarina’ (81.1%) and ‘Iaçará’ (78.6%). Histological analyses revealed the presence of perivascular fibers and lignification of the collenchyma, which might have restrained rhizogenesis in the cuttings. Histochemical analysis revealed reduced levels of starch in the cuttings of ‘Bragantina’, which might explain the significantly low rooting rates, with starch concentration described by the color code as common in the pith and rare in the cortex, phloem and xylem.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

Ss :

Sclerenchymatous sheath

Cx :

Cortex

Pi :

Pith

Rp :

Radial parenchyma

SXy :

Secondary xylem

Sb :

Sclerenchymatous bundle

Mb :

Medullar bundle

Pf :

Perivascular fibers

Co :

Collenchyma

Ep :

Epidermis

Vb :

Vascular bundle

Vc :

Vascular cylinder

En :

Endodermis

Ph :

Phloem

P :

Pericycle

Cp :

Cortical parenchyma

X :

Xylem

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Acknowledgements

We thank Eliseu Bonomo for kindly making the collection of P. nigrum cultivars available for the development of the research. Editage (www.editage.com) is also acknowledged for English language editing.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil: Scientific Initiation Scholarship to ALS).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Alto Universitário, S/N, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil

    Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, Caroline Palacio de Araujo, Tamyris de Mello, Thuanny Lins Monteiro Rosa, Carlos Eduardo Valério Raymundo & José Carlos Lopes

  2. Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, North University Center of Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil

    André Lucas Siqueira, Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama, Edilson Romais Schmildt & Robson Bonomo

  3. Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Alegre, BR 482, Km 7, Alegre/Rive, ES, 29500-000, Brazil

    João Paulo Bestete de Oliveira

  4. Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Wagner Campos Otoni

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  1. Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre
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Contributions

RSA, CPA, and ALS designed the study; CPA, ALS, EMA, TM, TLMR, and RB performed most of the experiments; ALS, EMA, and CEVR performed histological studies; ERS analyzed the data; RSA, CPA, ERS, JCL, JPBO and WCO wrote the article with input from all other authors. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre.

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Alexandre, R.S., de Araujo, C.P., Siqueira, A.L. et al. Influence of Tendrils and IBA on Rhizogenic Responses in Cuttings of Black Pepper Cultivars: Histological and Histochemical Aspects. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 4083–4094 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10871-3

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