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Allicin Decreases Phytotxic Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Regulating Oxidative Defense and Detoxification of Cytotoxic Compounds in Wheat

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Abstract

Hydrocarbon stress is among significant environmental stresses limiting crop growth and production. Allicin is an organosulfur compound with the potential to detoxify radicals, abate oxidative injury, and safeguard mitochondrial function. However, allicin role in mediating plant defense responses under abiotic stresses is not established. Therefore, the impact of varying levels of allicin (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1) on growth, photoysnthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant defense system of wheat plants under petroleum hydrocarbon (0, 5 and 10%) was evaluated. Hydrocarbon stress (10%) significantly inhibited growth characteristics, relative water contents, chlorophyll, antioxidant pigments, DPPH radical scavenging potential, reducing sugars, free amino acids, as well as soluble proteins in wheat plants. Hydrocarbon stress (10%) augmented the secondary metabolites accumulation like anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid in wheat plants. Plants accumulated more total soluble sugars, non-reducing sugars and proline concentrations after exposure to 10% hydrocarbon stress. Hydrocarbon stress enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX). Plants exposed to hydrocarbon stress displayed a significant accretion in oxidative damage, mirrored as enhanced electrolyte leakage, ROS generation (H2O2 and O2.−), lipoxygenase activity, and lipid peroxidation estimated as MDA and methylglyoxal levels. Besides, exogenous allicin (100, 200 mg L−1) improved plant growth, chlorophyll contents, and osmolytes accumulation under hydrocarbon stress. Furthermore, allicin (100 mg L−1) effectively increased plants' non-enzymatic antioxidant levels and enzymatic antioxidant activities under hydrocarbon stress. Allicin diminished oxidative stress by lowering electrolyte leakage (39.4%), H2O2 (20.9%), O2.− (37.7%), lipoxygenase activity (23.1%), MDA (25.2%), and MG (32.4%) levels under hydrocarbon stress. This is the first report describing the involvement of allicin, notably higher doses (100 and 200 mg L−1), in alleviating the phytotoxic impacts of hydrocarbon stress by modulating growth, osmolyte accumulation, oxidative defense, and ROS metabolism.

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Acknowledgements

This research work has been financially supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

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Funding was provided by Higher Education Commision, Pakistan.

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  1. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Rizwan Rasheed, Iqbal Hussain & Freeha Fatima Qureshi

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Rizwan & Shafaqat Ali

  3. Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan

    Shafaqat Ali

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  1. Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
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Muhammad Arslan Ashraf: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft. Rizwan Rasheed: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing—original draft. Iqbal Hussain: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. Freeha Fatima Qureshi: Supervision, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. Muhammad Rizwan: Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing—review & Editing. Shafaqat Ali: Project administration, Writing—review & editing.

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Ashraf, M.A., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I. et al. Allicin Decreases Phytotxic Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Regulating Oxidative Defense and Detoxification of Cytotoxic Compounds in Wheat. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 3632–3649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10826-8

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