Abstract
Direct-seeded double-season rice (DSD) can improve rice yield per unit land area with less labor and water inputs. Only ultrashort-duration varieties maturing about 95 days can be used in DSD in central China where thermal energy is limited. However, limited information is available on the nitrogen (N) management of ultrashort-duration varieties in both early (ES) and late seasons (LS) of DSD. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different N treatments on the grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under DSD in both seasons. Results showed that the grain yield varied from 3.76 to 7.58 t ha−1 in ES and from 5.54 to 7.42 t ha−1 in LS across N treatments with the growth duration of 96 and 87 days in ES and LS, respectively. N application significantly improved grain yield due to the increase in total dry weight and N uptake in both seasons, as well as spikelets panicle−1 in ES and panicles m−2 in LS. The N rate of 150 and 90 kg N ha−1 could simultaneously achieve high yield and NUE in ES and LS, respectively. While grain yield was similar across the two seasons when N was applied, the grain yield and total N uptake of LS were 62.5% and 99.2% higher than those of ES when N was not applied, respectively, suggesting a greater indigenous soil N supply capacity in LS than ES. Consequently, greater N response, and higher NUE for grain production and agronomic NUE were achieved in ES than in LS, although apparent uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity of fertilizer N did not demonstrate consistent differences between the two seasons. Our results suggest that it is essential to consider seasonal differences in N response and indigenous soil N supply capacity for optimizing N management to simultaneously achieve high NUE of ultrashort-duration rice in both seasons of DSD.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31971845), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300208-03), and the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-20).
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31971845, Shaobing Peng, National Key Research and Development Program of China, 2016YFD0300208-03, Fei Wang, Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System, CARS-01-20, Shaobing Peng.
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SBP, JLH, and FW initiated and designed the research, XY, LX, ZFC, and XYW performed the experiments, XY, LX, and SY analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript, and SBP and FW revised and edited the manuscript and also provided advice on the experiments.
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Yu, X., Wang, F., Xu, L. et al. Optimization of Nitrogen Management in Both Early and Late Seasons of Direct-Seeded Double-Season Rice with an Ultrashort-Duration Variety in Central China. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 3173–3183 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10783-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10783-2