Abstract
An N-substituted phthalimide, AC94377, was reported to mimic gibberellin (GA) activity in various plants, and was demonstrated to be a selective agonist for GA receptor GID1 in Arabidopsis, suggesting its potentiality for developing novel GA signal regulators. Here, we confirmed the GA-like activity of AC94377 in rice, including promotion on 2nd leaf sheath growth and suppression on strigolactone exudates from roots. We performed chemical and genetic manipulation of interaction between rice GA receptor GID1 and phthalimides. Our results showed that modifications of carboxamide moiety of AC94377 can interchange the preference for different GID1-subtype. To summary, our findings confirmed universal roles of AC94377 as a GID1 agonist, and the potentiality of designing novel GA agonist or even antagonist based on the scaffold of AC94377 coupled with GID1 manipulations in crops, which could be used for root parasitic weed control.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Kenji Tomita (Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo) for NMR analysis. This work was funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21907049 to KJ and Grant No. 31911540070 to HG), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and JST under a joint program of Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) to TA, a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 18H05266) to TA, the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (Grant No. 2016ZT06S172) to KJ, the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KYTDPT20181011104005 to KJ, and China Scholarship Council for a PhD scholarship (201908050180) to JW.
Funding
This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos. 21907049, 31911540070], Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team [Grant No. 2016ZT06S172], Shenzhen Science and Technology Program [Grant No. KYTDPT20181011104005], China Scholarship Council [Grant No. 201908050180].
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KJ and TA designed the experiments. KJ and IT performed the bioassays and analysis for GA activity; TO and KJ synthesized the chemicals; JW performed the differential scanning fluorometry and ITF assay. KJ and JW prepared the manuscript; TA, MN and HG revised the manuscript.
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Jiang, K., Wang, J., Ito, S. et al. Analysis of the Physiological Roles and Mode of Actions of Phthalimides as GA Signal Regulator in Rice. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 2637–2645 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10733-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10733-y