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Pre-soaking in Weed Extracts is a Reasonable Approach to Mitigate Fusarium graminearum Infection in Wheat

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Abstract

Root rot and head blight caused by soil-borne fungi are prevalent diseases endanger the global food security. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the interaction of Fusarium graminearum with two weed extracts, concentrating on growth rate, physiological responses, molecular changes in wheat seedlings and yield parameters. In a pot experiment, wheat grains pre-soaked for 12 h either in distilled water or 25% aqueous weed extracts (purslane or chard) were germinated either in free or F. graminearum pre-inoculated sandy soil. The results revealed that F. graminearum inoculation resulted in reduced growth rate and chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. However, following the fungal invasion, carotenoids, stress markers (EL, MDA, C = O, OH˙ and H2O2), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate and flavonoids), osmoregulators (GB, proline and free amino acids), antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, POX, SOD and PPO) and the expression of some stress-induced genes (CAT, GR and PR4) were substantially increased. Nevertheless, priming of wheat grains with purslane or chard extracts resulted in enhanced growth rate, balanced chlorophyll content, decreased stress symptoms, restoration of the normal level of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as down-regulation of stress-induced genes in F. graminearum-infected wheat seedlings, besides improving yield characteristics. However, PR2 gene expression was not affected by either fungal infection or weed priming. In conclusion, natural weed extracts as supplement to chemical antifungals, can be safely employed to increase the growth rate and reconfigure the pathophysiological status of wheat seedlings by reducing the detrimental effects of F. graminearum infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt

    Sherien E. Sobhy, Elsayed E. Hafez & Dalia G. Aseel

  2. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt

    Essam-Eldeen M. Abo-Kassem, Nasser A. Sewelam & Khalil M. Saad-Allah

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  1. Sherien E. Sobhy
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  2. Essam-Eldeen M. Abo-Kassem
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  3. Nasser A. Sewelam
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  4. Elsayed E. Hafez
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  5. Dalia G. Aseel
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  6. Khalil M. Saad-Allah
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Contributions

SS involved in conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, original draft preparation, software and validation. EEMAK involved in conceptualization, visualization, supervision and reviewing. NS involved in conceptualization, visualization, supervision validation and reviewing. EH involved in conceptualization, visualization and investigation. DA involved in conceptualization and visualization. KS involved in conceptualization, visualization, methodology, investigation validation, software, original draft preparation, reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Khalil M. Saad-Allah.

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Sobhy, S.E., Abo-Kassem, EE.M., Sewelam, N.A. et al. Pre-soaking in Weed Extracts is a Reasonable Approach to Mitigate Fusarium graminearum Infection in Wheat. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 2261–2278 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10442-y

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