Abstract
Different fertilization methods will affect rice yield and its growth. To address the influence of different fertilization methods on yield, photosynthetic intensity, and nitrogen synthetase enzymatic activities for hill direct-seeded rice, the field trials were conducted using two different rice varieties Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 in 2018 and 2019. There were four fertilizer application treatments at the rate of 150 kg N ha−1 in hill direct-seeded rice: All the fertilizer deep application as a disposable basal fertilizer by machine (T1); deep application of mechanized decrement fertilizers, i.e. 50% of all fertilizers into 10 cm depth of soil as basal by machine, whilst 25% of fertilizers at tillering stage and 25% of the fertilizer in the panicle initiation (PI) stage were artificially sown on the soil surface (T2), respectively; farmers’ manually traditional surface broadcast, i.e. 40% of the fertilizers as the basal fertilizer, whilst 30% of fertilizers was applied at tillering and PI stage (T3), respectively, and the control treatment is no fertilization (T0). The result showed that grain yield of Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 for T2 was increased by 25.79 and 11.98%, compared with T3, respectively. The rate of photosynthetic, water use efficiency and stomatal conductance for T2 treatment was 35.86, 27.32, and 56.87% higher than that for T0 treatment, respectively. It was also found that T2 had the highest chlorophyll and carotenoids during the heading stage (HS). We also observed that glutamine systhetase (GS) and glutamate synhthase (GOGAT) activities of T2 were higher than T3 at mid-tillering stage for both rice varieties, respectively. Among all treatments at the HS, Wufengyou 615 had the largest leaf area index and total above-ground biomass. Hence, the present study revealed that 50% of total amount of fertilization as basal fertilization deep placement with the rest of fertilization as topdressing more benefited the rice growth and produced more grain yield.
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Acknowledgements
The research was supported by the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2019B020221003), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2021A1515011255) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 202103000075).
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SG and XR initiated and designed the study, ZZ, YF, YY, UA, LL, MH, ZW, MY and ZM took part in the experiment, ZZ analysis of the experimental data and wrote the manuscript, SG and ZM provide experimental suggestions and edited manuscript.
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Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, Y. et al. Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Grain Yield, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Synthetase Enzymatic Activities of Direct-seeded Rice in South China. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1642–1653 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10404-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10404-4