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Phosphorus Increases K+ in the Shoot and Improves Salinity Tolerance in Sweetsop Seedlings

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Abstract

The use of brackish waters is an alternative for the cultivation of fruit-bearing plants in semi-arid regions; nonetheless, sweetsop trees (Annona squamosa L.) are sensitive to these types of waters. However, phosphate fertilization can be a technique used to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the application of phosphorus to mitigate the salinity in irrigation water. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments S1 (2.5 dS m−1) S2 = (4 dS m−1), SP1 (2.5 dS m−1 + 1.35 g dm−3 of P2O5), SP2 = (4 dS m−1 + 1.35 g dm−3 of P2O5), T (control), and P (1.35 g dm−3 of P2O5). After 78 days of transplantation, the seedlings were evaluated for the total dry weight (TDW), leaf area (LA), salt tolerance index (STI), water use efficiency (WUE), Na+ and K+ levels in the shoot and root, chlorophylls a and b, maximum (Fm) and variable (Fv) chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), total soluble sugar (TSS), total free amino acids (TFAA), proline, and glycine betaine (GB). It was observed that plants treated with SP1 and SP2 show higher results of TDW, LA, STI, WUE, and K in the shoot, Chl a, Chl b, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, TFAA, proline, GB, and TSS in relation to S1 and S2. The presence of phosphorus under salinity conditions increased the K+ concentration in the shoot, which was responsible for the improvement of pigments as well as increasing the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and carbohydrates, maintaining the growth and, consequently, the salinity tolerance of the sweetsop seedlings.

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Data Availability

The dataset generated and/or analyzed in the current study is not available to the public for reasons of data security; nevertheless, they are available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) and Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB).

Funding

This study was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Francisco Hélio Alves de Andrade & Jucelino de Sousa Lima

  2. Department of Social and Fundamental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil

    Walter Esfrain Pereira

  3. Department of Agricultural and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha, PB, Brazil

    Josemir Moura Maia

  4. Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

    Maria Isabela Batista Clemente

  5. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais-EPAMIG SUL, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Vânia Aparecida Silva

Authors
  1. Francisco Hélio Alves de Andrade
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  2. Walter Esfrain Pereira
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  3. Josemir Moura Maia
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  4. Maria Isabela Batista Clemente
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  5. Jucelino de Sousa Lima
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  6. Vânia Aparecida Silva
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All authors contributed equally for the work to be accepted.

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Correspondence to Francisco Hélio Alves de Andrade.

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de Andrade, F.H.A., Pereira, W.E., Maia, J.M. et al. Phosphorus Increases K+ in the Shoot and Improves Salinity Tolerance in Sweetsop Seedlings. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1229–1240 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10361-y

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