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Quantifying and Modeling the Influence of Temperature on Growth and Reproductive Development of Sesame

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Abstract

Ambient temperatures are major factors regulating the growth rates, yields, and geographical distribution of crop species. The cultivation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is expanding with the rising demand in regions where it is not traditionally grown, and sub-optimal yields due to extremely low or high temperatures could occur. Currently literature lacks information on the temperature responses of sesame growth. An experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of different temperatures on vegetative growth and reproductive development of sesame, and to estimate its cardinal temperature limits (Topt; Tmin; Tmax). Plants were subjected to six different day/night temperature treatments of 40/32, 36/28, 32/24, 28/20, and 20/12 °C using walk-in growth chambers. Vegetative growth of sesame was sensitive to low temperatures (< 15 °C), but tolerant of high temperatures. The cardinal temperature limits of 15.7 °C (Tmin), 27.3 °C (Topt), and 44.6 °C (Tmax) were observed for rate of biomass accumulation. Sesame reached the flowering stage under moderate to high temperature conditions; however, reproductive yields progressively declined above 25 °C, and no seed yields were obtained beyond 33 °C. The estimated temperature limits could be employed to develop crop models for simulating management and adaptation strategies of sesame under current and future climate scenarios, and adaptation to regions where the crop is not currently grown. Future research should focus on understanding factors controlling the temperature tolerance of reproductive development in sesame, to provide a broader geographical adaptation.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory for this research. Authors would like to thank Jay Prater for his technical support and student workers, Jhansy Reddy, Ishan Maplotra, Amritpal Kaur and Harpinder Baath, for their assistance in data collection during the growth chamber studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 371 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Gurjinder S. Baath, Vijaya Gopal Kakani, Alexandre C. Rocateli & Hardeep Singh

  2. USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK, 73036, USA

    Brian K. Northup

  3. USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, 114 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA

    Prasanna H. Gowda

Authors
  1. Gurjinder S. Baath
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  2. Vijaya Gopal Kakani
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  3. Brian K. Northup
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  4. Prasanna H. Gowda
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  5. Alexandre C. Rocateli
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  6. Hardeep Singh
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All authors equally contributed to this work.

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Correspondence to Gurjinder S. Baath.

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Baath, G.S., Kakani, V.G., Northup, B.K. et al. Quantifying and Modeling the Influence of Temperature on Growth and Reproductive Development of Sesame. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 143–152 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10278-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10278-y

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