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Integrated Application of Organic Amendments with Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 Improves Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)

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Abstract

Bacterial species in the plant-beneficial-environmental branch of Alcaligenes characterize an important part of rhizosphere microbes. The effects of plant growth-promoting Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 (accession #KU494828) on soil status and maize (Zea mays L.) performance were evaluated in single or combined applications with soil amendments, such as biochar (BC) prepared through pyrolysis of maize straw at 300 ºC, rock phosphate enriched compost (CM), and humic acid (HA) in two wirehouse experiments under natural environment. Qualitative P solubilization of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 revealed the appearance of a halo zone up to 19.1 mm in agar medium with P solubilizing index 4.27 and P solubilizing efficiency 327%. Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 showed solubilization of P up to 30.85 µg mL−1 by lowering pH of medium from 7.0 to 5.25. The application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 significantly improved soil biological attributes, such as bacterial colony forming unit by 20.5%, soil organic carbon by 10.3%, soil organic matter by 5.1%, and water content of saturated soil by 5.7%. The combined application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with either BC, CM, or HA or with their mixture (BC plus CM plus HA) significantly increased the above biological attributes of soil than the application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 alone. Moreover, the integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA significantly improved growth and yield attributes of maize in terms of root length (26%), plant height (39%), shoot fresh biomass (31%), shoot dry biomass (32%), root fresh biomass (30%), root dry biomass (34%), 100-grains weight (26%), stover yield (28%), and grain yield (19%). Similarly, the integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA promoted N, P, and K in maize grain concentration by 12%, 11%, and 11%, respectively, compared with the application of organic amendments without Alcaligenes sp. AZ9. Combined application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA could be an effective strategy to improve plant growth, nutrients uptake, and yield of maize in the context of sustainable agriculture. In future research, the effects of integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and/or HA should be further evaluated under field conditions.

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Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan under Startup Research Grant Program (SRGP) on project #21–842/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2016. The authors acknowledge the Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan for providing research facilities. The authors are also thankful to the Incharge, Environmental Sciences Laboratory at the Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences (ISES), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan for the provision of biochar and rock phosphate enriched compost.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Azhar Hussain, Maqshoof Ahmad & Moazzam Jamil

  2. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz

  3. Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Sajjad Ali

  4. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

    Rubab Sarfraz

  5. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Naveed

  6. Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece

    Christos A. Damalas

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  1. Azhar Hussain
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Hussain, A., Ahmad, M., Mumtaz, M.Z. et al. Integrated Application of Organic Amendments with Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 Improves Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Maize (Zea mays). J Plant Growth Regul 39, 1277–1292 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10067-7

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