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Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Lippia grata Schauer (Verbenaceae) to Water Deficit

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Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of the species Lippia grata Schauer to water deficit. Plants from cuttings were submitted to two water regimes, irrigation (control) and suspended irrigation (stress) for 15 days and were then rehydrated for 10 days. During water regimes, we performed physiological (gas exchange, growth parameters, and biochemical) and anatomical analyses. The water deficit negatively affected growth of the aerial part of the plant with reduction of approximately 72%. On the contrary, root system growth was stimulated by water deficit (increase of 205%). The drought caused a reduction in the physiological parameters (gs, E, and A), while leaf temperature and internal and external CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca) increased. Plants subjected to drought had higher intrinsic efficiency of water use on the 10th day of deficit (A/gs). The levels of total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and soluble carbohydrates increased on the 10th and 15th days of water suspension. The levels of H2O2, proteins, and MDA were high in plants on the 15th day of water deficit. The levels of H2O2 in the control plants increased on the 20th and 25th day of rehydration, along with the activation of some enzymes of the antioxidative system SOD, CAT and APX. Plants under water deficit increased SOD activity on the 10th day and CAT on the 10th and 15th day under stress. Plants submitted to water deficit showed reduction of mesophilic thickness, smaller epidermal cells, reduction of intercellular spaces, more vascular bundles, greater lignification of xylem cells, morphological modification of cortical cells, and have more glandular trichomes in the abaxial face compared to plants always irrigated. During rehydration, the plants submitted to the water deficit recovered in all variables analyzed and have a higher density of glandular and the tector trichomes in both epidermises, adaxial and abaxial. We conclude that the rapid recovery of the parameters evaluated for Lippia grata are related to the absence of irreversible damage in the cellular structures, due to the efficiency of the antioxidative system, and metabolic processes involved with the dissipation of the excess energy because of the imposed water stress. In addition, other important morphophysiological strategies such as increased root growth, increased vascular bundles and density of trichomes improved soil water absorption and maintained the cellular water content in Lippia grata plants submitted to drought.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, in particular the team of Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais (LCTV) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a scholarship granted to the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil

    Luiz Palhares Neto, Lindomar Maria de Souza & Cláudia Ulisses

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, 59.610-210, Brazil

    Marciana Bizerra de Morais & Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Emília Arruda

  4. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Regina Célia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo

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  1. Luiz Palhares Neto
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  2. Lindomar Maria de Souza
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  3. Marciana Bizerra de Morais
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Contributions

LPN participated in the data collection, designed the experiments, data analysis wrote the manuscript, MBM participated in the interpretation, review the article and provided editorial advice; LMS, EA, and CCA provided the plant material, realization of analyses physiological and anatomical interpretation and analyzed data; CU guided every step of the work and participated in the drafting and review of the project and of the article.

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Correspondence to Marciana Bizerra de Morais.

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Palhares Neto, L., de Souza, L.M., de Morais, M.B. et al. Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Lippia grata Schauer (Verbenaceae) to Water Deficit. J Plant Growth Regul 39, 26–40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09961-6

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