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The Stress of Suicide: Temporal and Spatial Expression of Putative Heat Shock Protein 70 Protect the Cells from Heat Injury in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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Abstract

Heat stress adversely affects growth, development, and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants have, however, evolved mechanisms to adapt to such conditions mainly by the expression of stress-associated chaperones, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), for modulating the tolerance level. Here, we report cloning of cytosolic putative HSP70 of 1678 bp from a thermotolerant cultivar (C306) of wheat (T. aestivum). A BLASTn search showed maximum homology with the predicted HSP70 protein reported from Hordeum vulgare (accession no AK354795.1). In silico characterization showed the presence of a nucleotide-binding domain of the sugar kinase/HSP70/actin superfamily in the sequence. Putative HSP70 showed temporal and spatial variations in the expression under heat stress (HS). We observed the abundance of HSP70 protein, H2O2, proline, and guaiacol peroxidase activity during the seed-hardening stage under HS; accumulation was, however, higher in the thermotolerant C306 than in thermosusceptible HD2329 cultivar. A gradual decrease in cell membrane stability (CMS) and an increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed in both the cultivars at the different stages of growth. The expression of HSP70 showed a negative correlation with CMS and a positive correlation with TAC under HS; changes were less pronounced in C306 than in HD2329 at all the stages of growth studied. HSP70 seems to play diverse roles associated with thermotolerance, and partially protect wheat from terminal HS. Being the important member of family of the HSPs, HSP70 needs to be studied in detail, to be used for developing climate-smart wheat crops, through genetic engineering/breeding approaches.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) funded National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Ranjeet R. Kumar, Suneha Goswami, Richa Gupta, Pooja Verma, Khushboo Singh, Jyoti P. Singh, Mahesh Kumar, Sushil K. Sharma & Raj D. Rai

  2. Center for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Himanshu Pathak

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  1. Ranjeet R. Kumar
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  2. Suneha Goswami
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  3. Richa Gupta
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Correspondence to Ranjeet R. Kumar.

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344_2015_9508_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 217 kb). Fig. S1 Flow-chart depicting the plan of distribution of pots for sowing and heat stress treatment for the thermotolerant (C306) and thermosusceptible (HD2329) cultivars of wheat; Group I - both the cultivars were grown in triplicates under 22 ± 3 °C, Group II – Both the cultivars (in triplicates) were exposed to HS of 30, 35 and 40 °C for 2 h other than the control (22 °C), Group III – Both the cultivars (in triplicates) were exposed to 42 °C for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h; Same pots were used for the HS treatment and sample collection at different stages of growth after proper irrigation; Samples were collected in triplicates (biological replicates) for further analysis

344_2015_9508_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 2259 kb). Fig. S2 Phylogenetic analysis of putative TaHSP70 along with other HSP70 genes reported from plants and non-plant sources; conserved families have been depicted using shaded box; sequences of HSP70 were retrieved from GenBank (NCBI)

344_2015_9508_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 3 (TIFF 290 kb). Fig. S3 Graph showing the average temperature (maximum and minimum) of experimental site during the period of the experiment along with the growth stages of wheat; sowing was completed on 15th November, 2013 and harvesting was done in last week of April, 2014

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Kumar, R.R., Goswami, S., Gupta, R. et al. The Stress of Suicide: Temporal and Spatial Expression of Putative Heat Shock Protein 70 Protect the Cells from Heat Injury in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Plant Growth Regul 35, 65–82 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9508-7

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