Abstract
The influence of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and salinity pretreatment on oxidative stress under cadmium (Cd) toxicity was investigated in rice cv. Xiushui 11 and its BADH-transgenic line Bxiushui 11. The results showed that plants previously treated with 4.25 and 8.5 mM NaCl, respectively, for 5 days each had higher Cd concentrations in both roots and shoots of the two rice genotypes compared with the controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both leaves and roots was increased by salinity pretreatment and was significantly lower in the salinity-pretreatment plants than in the controls when the plants were consequently exposed to Cd stress. Salinity pretreatment also increased proline content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in both leaves and roots. It can be assumed that salinity pretreatment enhances the defensive ability of plants against oxidative stress through increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes. The BADH-transgenic line (Bxiushui 11) had lower Cd and MDA content, higher SOD and POD activities, and higher proline content than its wild type (Xiushui 11). The current results suggest that betaine, a product of BADH expression, improves the tolerance of rice plants to Cd stress through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and osmoprotectant content.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bates LS, Waldered RP, Terae ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ana Biochem 72:248–254
Cayuela E, Muñoz-Mayor A, Vicente-Agulló F, Moyano E, Garcia-Abellan JO, Estañ MT, Bolarin MC (2007) Drought pretreatment increase the salinity resistance of tomato plants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 170:479–484
Chaoui A, Mazhoudi S, Ghorbal MH, Ferjani EEL (1997) Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean (Phaseolus ulgaris L.). Plant Sci 127:139–147
Cuartero J, Bolarin MC, Asins MJ, Moreno V (2006) Increasing salt tolerance in the tomato. J Exp Bot 57:1045–1058
Delaunay A, Isnard AD, Toledano MB (2000) H2O2 sensing through oxidation of the Yap1 transcription factor. EMBO J 19:5157–5166
Guo TR, Zhang GP, Zhou MX, Wu FB, Chen JX (2004) Effects of aluminum and cadmium toxicity on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of two barley genotypes with different Al tolerance. Plant Soil 258:241–248
Hayashi H, Murata N (1998) Genetically engineered enhancement of salt tolerance in higher plants. In: Satoh K, Murata N (eds) Stress responses of photosynthetic organisms. Elsevier, New York, pp 133–148
Hegedüs A, Erdei S, Horváth G (2001) Comparative studies of H2O2 detoxifying enzymes in green and greening barley seedlings under cadmium stress. Plant Sci 160:1085–1093
Himelblau E, Mira H, Lin SJ, Culotta VC, Penarrubia L, Amasino RM (1998) Identification of a functional homolog of the yeast copper homeostasis gene ATX1 from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 117:1227–1234
King DA, Nelson WL (1987) Assessing the impacts of soil moisture stress on regional soybean yield and its sensitivity to ozone. Agr Ecosyst Environ 20:23–35
Kuznetsov VV, Rakitin VYU, Zholkevich VN (1999) Effect of preliminary heat-shock treatment on accumulation of osmolytes and drought resistance in cotton plants during water deficiency. Physiol Plant 107:399–406
Lin CC, Kao CH (2000) Effect of NaCl stress on H2O2 metabolism in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul 30:151–155
Matysik J, Bhalu AB (2002) Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr Sci 82:525–532
McBirde J (1987) A little stress can help plants cope. Agr Res 35:8–13
McNeil SD, Nuccio ML, Hanson AD (1999) Betaines and related osmoprotectants: targets for metabolic, engineering of stress resistance. Plant Physiol 120:945–949
Mittova V, Guy M, Tal M, Volokita M (2004) Salinity up-regulates the antioxidative system in root mitochondria and peroxisomes of the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii. J Exp Bot 399:1105–1113
Mozafar A, Oertli JJ (1990) Multiple stress and growth of barley: effect of salinity and temperature shock. Plant Soil 128:153–160
Prasad KVSK, Saradhi PP, Sharmila P (1999) Concerted action of antioxidant enzymes and curtailed growth under zinc toxicity in Brassica juncea. Environ Exp Bot 42:1–10
Ranieri A, Castagna A, Baldan B, Soldatini GF (2001) Iron deficiency differently affects peroxidase isoforms in sunflower. J Exp Bot 354:25–35
Sandalio LM, Dalurzo HC, Gómez M, Romero-Puertas MC, Río LA (2001) Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. J Exp Bot 364:2115–2126
Sanità di Toppi L, Gabbrielli R (1999) Response to cadmium in higher plants. Environ Exp Bot 41:105–130
Schutzendubel A, Polle A (2000) Plant responses to abiotic stresses: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. J Exp Bot 372:1351–1365
Sepehr MF, Ghorbanli M, Nejad RAK (2003) Effects of cadmium and salinity on growth, photosynthesis and ionic contents of Zea mays. Asian J Plant Sci 2:196–201
Shah K, Dubey RS (1997) Effect of cadmium on proline accumulation and ribonuclease activity in rice seedlings. Role of proline as a possible enzyme protectant. Biol Plant 40:121–130
Shah K, Kumar RG, Verma S, Dubey RS (2001) Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Sci 161:1135–1144
Siripornadulsil S, Traina S, Verma DP, Sayre TR (2001) Molecular mechanisms of proline-mediated tolerance to toxic heavy metals in transgenic microalgae. Plant Cell 14:2837–2847
Tamura T, Hara K, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H (2003) Osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco expressing a gene encoding a membrane-located receptor-like protein from tobacco plants. Plant Physiol 131:454–462
Tang QY, Feng MG (1997) Practical statistics and its data processing system statistical software package. China Agriculture Press, Beijing
Wood AJ, Saneoka H, Rhodes D, Joly RJ, Goldsbrough PB (1996) Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in sorghum (molecular cloning and expression of two related genes). Plant Physiol 110:1301–1308
Wu FB, Zhang GP, Dominy P (2003) Four barley genotypes respond differently to cadmium: lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant capacity. Environ Exp Bot 50:67–77
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Zhejiang Bureau of Science and Technology (2005C12024), the National Natural Science Foundation (30600379), and the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (Z304104) for their financial support of this research program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shao, G., Chen, M., Wang, W. et al. The Effect of Salinity Pretreatment on Cd Accumulation and Cd-Induced Stress in BADH -Transgenic and Nontransgenic Rice Seedlings. J Plant Growth Regul 27, 205–210 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-008-9047-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-008-9047-6