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Changes in Concentrations of Cytokinins (CKs) in Root and Axillary Bud Tissue of Miniature Rose Suggest that Local CK Biosynthesis and Zeatin-Type CKs Play Important Roles in Axillary Bud Growth

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Abstract

Involvement of cytokinins (CKs) in axillary bud growth of miniature rose was studied. Variation in root formation and axillary bud growth was induced by two indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) pretreatments in two cutting sizes. At six physiological developmental stages around the onset of axillary bud growth, concentrations of CKs were determined in both root and axillary bud tissue by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESP-MS/MS). Chronological early onset of axillary bud growth occurred in long cuttings pretreated at low IBA concentration, whereas physiological early root formation was associated with long cuttings and high IBA concentration. The CKs zeatin (Z), isopentenyl adenine (iP), zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenosine (iPA), zeatin O-glucoside (ZOG), zeatin riboside O-glucoside (ZROG), zeatin riboside 5′-monophosphate (ZRMP), and isopentenyl adenosine 5′-monophosphate (iPAMP) were detected. Concentrations of CKs in axillary bud tissue far exceeded those in root tissue. Indole 3-butyric acid pretreatment influenced the concentration of CKs in axillary bud tissue more than did cutting size, whereas pretreatments only slightly affected CKs in root tissue. The dominant CKs found were iPAMP and ZR. An early and large increase in iPAMP indicated rapid CK biosynthesis in rootless cuttings, suggesting that green parts, including the axillary bud, can synthesize CKs. At the onset of axillary bud growth an increase in concentration of Z, ZR, ZRMP, ZOG, and ZROG was largely coincident with a decrease in iPAMP, iPA, iP, and DHZR. After the onset of axillary bud growth, CK content largely decreased. These results strongly indicate a positive role for CKs in axillary bud growth, and presumably ZRMP, ZR, and Z are active in miniature rose.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Nina Eggers, Lisbeth Stage, Jens M. Madsen, Ejnar Jensen, Ebbe Elbrønd Andersen. and Finn Kristiansen for technical assistance. Funding of this work by the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation, the Danish Agricultural and Veterinary Research Council (No. 23-00-0108); the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, The Danish Directorate for Food, Fisheries and Agro Business (J.no.: 3401-66-04-987); and support by Poulsen Roses ApS, DK-3480, Fredensborg, Denmark; is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Research Centre, Aarslev, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kirstinebjergvej 10, P.O.Box 102, Aarslev, DK-5792, Denmark

    Niels Bredmose & Kell Kristiansen

  2. Department of Food Science, Research Centre Aarslev, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kirstinebjergvej 10, Aarslev, DK-5792, Denmark

    Rikke Nørbæk & Lars P. Christensen

  3. Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Research Centre Foulum, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.Box 50, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark

    Jens Hansen-Møller

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  1. Niels Bredmose
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  2. Kell Kristiansen
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Correspondence to Niels Bredmose.

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Bredmose, N., Kristiansen, K., Nørbæk, R. et al. Changes in Concentrations of Cytokinins (CKs) in Root and Axillary Bud Tissue of Miniature Rose Suggest that Local CK Biosynthesis and Zeatin-Type CKs Play Important Roles in Axillary Bud Growth. J Plant Growth Regul 24, 238–250 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-0050-x

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