Abstract
Microsatellite loci are uniformly distributed at approximately 100-kbp intervals on all chromosomes except the chromosome Y, and genetic information about more than 9000 loci and high-throughput polymorphism analysis are now available. Taking advantage of these properties, we carried out whole-genome scanning using eight common inbred strains (CIS) of laboratory mice, including A/J, C57BL/6J, CBA/J, DBA/2J, SM/J, SWR/J, NC/Nga, and 129/SvJ, and eight wild-derived inbred strains (WIS), BGL2/Ms, CAST/Ei, JF1/Ms, MSM/Ms, NJL/Ms, PGN2/Ms, SK/CamEi, and SWN/Ms. We selected and located 1226 informative loci at 1.2-cM average intervals on all of the chromosomes of the 16 strains and compared the polymorphisms of the eight CIS with those from the eight WIS as subspecies representatives. More than 50% of the loci can be identified as WIS (therefore, subspecies-specific) alleles in the CIS genomes. We also discovered that the CIS chromosomes form a mosaic structure with an average ratio of domesticus to non-domesticus alleles of 3:1. Furthermore, the domesticus alleles were present much more frequently on the CIS chromosome X than on their autosomes, suggesting that successive backcrossing of non-domesticus stocks to domesticus stocks had been undergone at the beginning of CIS history
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Notes
Supplementary table will be sent by e-mail on request or can be available on our web site (http://www.rinshoken.or.jp/LAS/microsatellite.htm).
Although the Japanese wild mouse was recognized as an endemic subspecies of Mus musculus, M. m. molossinus (See Schwarz and Schwarz 1943; Marshall 1981), mtDNA haplotype analysis suggested that the mouse is not an endemic subspecies but a local race that originated from a hybrid population between M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus (Yonekawa et al. 1988). However, we use the former terminology for the Japanese mouce, “M. m. molossinus,” because this description conveniently represents its genetic and historical properties.
Fig. 2 
Phylogenetic tree based on the weighted method between 17 inbred strains, using the neighbor-joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). The tree was rooted by using SPRET/Ei as an out-group. Numbers indicate bootstrap values.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ms. Yumi Nishiyama, Yayoi Wakita, and Satomi Yamada of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, and Ms. Kyoko Takada and Mr. Akihiko Mita of the National Institute of Genetics for technical assistance. This work was partially supported by the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology of the Science and Technology Agency, Japan. This study is contribution No. 2500 from the National Institute of Genetics, Japan.
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Sakai, T., Kikkawa, Y., Miura, I. et al. Origins of mouse inbred strains deduced from whole-genome scanning by polymorphic microsatellite loci. Mamm Genome 16, 11–19 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-004-3013-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-004-3013-9