Abstract
Based on the reconstructed MODIS data and ECMWF reanalysis data from 2003 to 2021, spatial correlations between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), aerosol optical thickness (AOT), and wind speed (WS) in the Bohai Sea were analyzed from the perspective of time domain and frequency domain. Results indicate that the frequency-domain analysis was more conducive to revealing the correlations between Chl a and environmental factors. The spatial pattern of time-domain correlations was similar to the isobaths of the Bohai Sea, which was positive in shallow waters and negative in deep waters for SST, PAR, and AOT, and was reversed for WS. Frequency-domain correlations were obtained by performing Fourier Transform and were higher than correlations in time domain. The spatial distributions indicated that the effects of SST and PAR on Chl a were greater than AOT and WS in the Bohai Sea. Additionally, cross-spectrum analysis was applied to explore the response relationships. A depth-dependent pattern was shown in correlations and time lags, indicating that the influential mechanism of environmental factors on Chl-a concentration is related to seawater depth.
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6 Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this article are publicly available in NASA Ocean-Color website at http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/, and in the Climate Data Store at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/.
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7 Acknowledgment
We appreciate NASA for providing the MODIS data and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for providing the ERA5 data.
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Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of 14th Five-year Plan of China (No. 2021YFC3200401-04) and the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Tianjin (No. 18ZXRHSF00270)
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Xu, W., Mu, D., Yang, Z. et al. Spatial correlations in time and frequency domains between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in the Bohai Sea. J. Ocean. Limnol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-023-3155-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-023-3155-9