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Diatom-based dissolved inorganic nitrogen reconstruction in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent areas

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Abstract

A five-component weighted average partial least squares (WA-PLS) calibration model was developed by analysing diatom assemblages in 34 surface sediment samples (collected in 2015) from the Changjiang River estuary (CRE) and its adjacent areas to infer dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations. Eighteen additional sets of surface sediment diatoms and corresponding upper water DIN data (collected in 2012) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and the relationship between observed and diatom-inferred DIN (DI-DIN) values (R2=0.85) illustrated the strong performance of the transfer function, indicating that precise reconstructions of former DIN are possible. The diatom-DIN transfer function was applied to the diatom record from a sediment core DH8-2 (1962–2012) collected in the Fujian-Zhejiang area south of the CRE. The reconstruction based on the DI-DIN model showed a significant DIN increase from 1962–2012, reflecting the influence of human activities on the very large increase in eutrophication. Three distinct periods can be seen from the changes in DIN and diatom taxa. In the 1962–1972 period, the DIN content was relatively low, with an average of 5.94 µmol/L, and more than 80% of the diatom species identified were benthic taxa. In the 1972–2004 period, as the impact of human activities intensified, large nutrient inputs caused the DIN content to increase, with an average of 8.25 µmol/L. The nutrient inputs also caused a significant change in the nutrient components and a distinct increase in small planktonic taxa. In the 2004–2012 period, the DIN content continued to rise, fluctuating at approximately 10 µmol/L. A continuous increase in the frequency of planktonic taxa (up to 65.48%) indicated that eutrophication was further intensified, which was confirmed by the transformation from diatom-induced red tide to dinoflagellate-induced red tide during this period.

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Data Availability Statement

All data generated and/or analyzed during this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgment

We thank the captain, crew, and scientific party of the R/V Kexue No. 3 Cruise for their assistance with the data acquisition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Naval Architecture and Port Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Weihai, 264209, China

    Xin Fan

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xin Fan, Zhiming Yu & Xiuxian Song

  3. Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China

    Xin Fan, Zhiming Yu & Xiuxian Song

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zhiming Yu & Xiuxian Song

  5. Environmental Monitoring Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Fangjin Cheng

Authors
  1. Xin Fan
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  2. Fangjin Cheng
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  3. Zhiming Yu
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  4. Xiuxian Song
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiuxian Song.

Additional information

Supported by the Taishan Scholars Climbing Program of Shandong Province of 2019, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41806091), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41506142), and the PhD Start-up Fund of Shandong Jiaotong University (Nos. BS201902055, BS201902051)

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Fan, X., Cheng, F., Yu, Z. et al. Diatom-based dissolved inorganic nitrogen reconstruction in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent areas. J. Ocean. Limnol. 41, 1464–1480 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-2013-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-2013-5

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