Abstract
Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important optically active substance in marine environment. Its biochemical conservatism makes it an important indicator to offshore pollution process. Monitoring the content, composition, and diffusion process of CDOM is a good approach to analyze the terrestrial input, optical properties, and ecological environment of offshore areas. The spatiotemporal characteristics of CDOM around the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed based on field observation data collected in the autumn 2020 and spring 2021, and an empirical inversion model of the ag(355) (absorption coefficient at 355 nm) and spectral slope (Sg) (g stands for gelbstoff/gilvin, which is called CDOM) based on Sentinel-3A ocean and land color instrument (OLCI) images was constructed. The results show (1) the order of average ag(355) value around the Leizhou Peninsula was east coast (0.503/m)>Qiongzhou Strait (0.502/m)>west coast (0.365/m); (2) the best band combinations of CDOM inversion in spring and autumn were (B4+B11)/B3 and (B7–B1)/B6 (B stands for the band of spectral images), and the final inversion results are close to the measured results, indicating that the model has good accuracy; (3) the Sg value of the CDOM absorption spectrum was fitted to the hyperbolic-exponential model. The fitting accuracy of the model was higher than those of the exponential model and the hyperbolic model, and the best Sg inversion model was constructed by selecting Sg(275–295) and Sg(250–295) in spring and autumn; (4) the spatial distributions of ag(355) and Sg were inverted, and CDOM in the waters around the Leizhou Peninsula originated from terrestrial organic matter carried by coastal aquaculture zones and runoff in the northeast Zhanjiang and the northern Beibu Gulf.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Bai Y, Pan D L, Cai W J et al. 2013. Remote sensing of salinity from satellite-derived CDOM in the Changjiang River dominated East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(1): 227–243, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008467.
Blough N V, Del Vecchio R. 2002. Chromophoric DOM in the coastal environment. In: Hansell D A, Carlson C A eds. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter. Academic Press, Boston. p.509–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323841-2/50012-9.
Bowers D G, Roberts E M, White M et al. 2013. Water masses, mixing, and the flow of dissolved organic carbon through the Irish Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 58: 12–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.02.007.
Bricaud A, Morel A, Prieur L. 1981. Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains. Limnology and Oceanography, 26(1): 43–53, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1981.26.1.0043.
Campbell G, Phinn S R, Dekker A G et al. 2011. Remote sensing of water quality in an Australian tropical freshwater impoundment using matrix inversion and MERIS images. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(9): 2402–2414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.003.
Carlson C A, Ducklow H W, Michaels A F. 1994. Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature, 371(6496): 405–408, https://doi.org/10.1038/371405a0.
Chen B, Xu Z X, Ya H Z et al. 2019. Impact of the water input from the eastern Qiongzhou Strait to the Beibu gulf on Guangxi coastal circulation. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(9): 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-019-1472-2.
Chen J, Zhu W N, Tian Y Q et al. 2017. Estimation of colored dissolved organic matter from Landsat-8 imagery for complex inland water: case study of Lake Huron. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 55(4): 2201–2212, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2638828.
Cheng H O, Ma Q M, Yang F. 2009. Level of eutrophication and phytoplankton diversity in Zhanjiang Bay. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 31(3): 121–126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Coble P G. 2007. Marine optical biogeochemistry: the chemistry of ocean color. Chemical Reviews, 107(2): 402–418, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050350.
D’Sa E J, Steward R G, Vodacek A et al. 1999. Determining optical absorption of colored dissolved organic matter in seawater with a liquid capillary waveguide. Limnology and Oceanography, 44(4): 1142–1148, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.4.1142.
Das S, Hazra S, Lotlikar A A et al. 2016. Delineating the relationship between chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) variability and biogeochemical parameters in a shallow continental shelf. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(3): 241–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.08.001.
De Stefano L G, Valdivia A S, Gianello D et al. 2022. Using CDOM spectral shape information to improve the estimation of DOC concentration in inland waters: a case study of Andean Patagonian Lakes. Science of the Total Environment, 824: 153752, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153752.
Del Castillo C E, Coble P G. 2000. Seasonal variability of the colored dissolved organic matter during the 1994–95 NE and SW monsoons in the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(7–8): 1563–1579, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00154-X.
Del Castillo C E, Miller R L. 2008. On the use of ocean color remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon by the Mississippi River Plume. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(3): 836–844, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.015.
Del Vecchio R, Blough N V. 2004. On the origin of the optical properties of humic substances. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(14): 3885–3891, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049912h.
Doerffer R, Schiller H. 2007. The MERIS Case 2 water algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(3–4): 517–535, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600821127.
Fargion G S, Mueller J L. 2000. Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 2. NASA/TM-2000-209966, Goddard Space Flight Space Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.
Fu D Y, Zhong Y F, Chen F J et al. 2020. Analysis of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in Zhanjiang Bay and the adjacent sea area in spring. Sustainability, 12(3): 889, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030889.
Gitelson A, Garbuzov G, Szilagyi F et al. 1993. Quantitative remote sensing methods for real-time monitoring of inland waters quality. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14(7): 1269–1295, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169308953956.
Green S A, Blough N V. 1994. Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 39(8): 1903–1916, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1903.
Guo W D, Stedmon C A, Han Y C et al. 2007. The conservative and non-conservative behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Chinese estuarine waters. Marine Chemistry, 107(3): 357–366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.006.
Han L H, Jordan K J. 2005. Estimating and mapping chlorophyll-a concentration in Pensacola Bay, Florida using Landsat ETM+ data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(23): 5245–5254, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500219182.
Helms J R, Stubbins A, Ritchie J D et al. 2008. Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3): 955–969, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0955.
Huang L, Fang H W, He G J et al. 2016. Effects of internal loading on phosphorus distribution in the Taihu Lake driven by wind waves and lake currents. Environmental Pollution, 219: 760–773, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.049.
Keith D J, Lunetta R S, Schaeffer B A. 2016. Optical models for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter absorption and salinity in New England, Middle Atlantic and gulf coast Estuaries USA. Remote Sensing, 8(4): 283, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040283.
Kutser T, Pierson D C, Kallio K Y et al. 2005. Mapping lake CDOM by satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 94(4): 535–540, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.009.
Lai J, Jiang F, Ke K et al. 2014. Nutrients distribution and trophic status assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 32(5): 1128–1144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3199-y.
Li J W, Yu Q, Tian Y Q et al. 2018. Spatio-temporal variations of CDOM in shallow inland waters from a semi-analytical inversion of Landsat-8. Remote Sensing of Environment, 218: 189–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.014.
Lü S H, Li Y, Lundholm N et al. 2012. Diversity, taxonomy and biogeographical distribution of the genus Pseudonitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in Guangdong coastal waters, South China Sea. Nova Hedwigia, 95(1–2): 123–152, https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0046.
Ma S C, Zhang X Y, Xiong Y X et al. 2021. Assessment of eutrophication and DOC sources tracing in the Sea Area around Dajin Island using CASI and MODIS images coupled with CDOM optical properties. Sensors, 21(14): 4765, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144765.
Markager S, Vincent W F. 2000. Spectral light attenuation and the absorption of UV and blue light in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(3): 642–650, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0642.
Miller M P, McKnight D M. 2010. Comparison of seasonal changes in fluorescent dissolved organic matter among aquatic lake and stream sites in the Green Lakes Valley. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(G1): G00F12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000985.
Mobley C D. 1999. Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from above-surface measurements. Applied Optics, 38(36): 7442–7455, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.38.007442.
Nieke B, Reuter R, Heuermann R et al. 1997. Light absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Case 2 waters). Continental Shelf Research, 17(3): 235–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00034-9.
Niroumand-Jadidi M, Bovolo F, Bruzzone L. 2019. Novel spectra-derived features for empirical retrieval of water quality parameters: demonstrations for OLI, MSI, and OLCI Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(12): 10285–10300, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2933251.
Peuravuori J, Pihlaja K. 1997. Molecular size distribution and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances. Analytica Chimica Acta, 337(2): 133–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00412-6.
Qiao X D, Wang B D, Sun X et al. 2014. Numerical simulation of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in Guangxi coastal bays, China. Journal of Ocean University of China, 13(2): 338–346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-014-2072-0.
Rochelle-Newall E J, Fisher T R. 2002. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry, 77(1): 23–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00073-1.
Shanmugam P. 2011. New models for retrieving and partitioning the colored dissolved organic matter in the global ocean: implications for remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(6): 1501–1521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.009.
Shi M C, Chen C S, Xu Q C et al. 2002. The role of Qiongzhou Strait in the seasonal variation of the South China Sea circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32(1): 103–121, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0103:TROQSI>2.0.CO;2.
Stedmon C A, Markager S, Kaas H. 2000. Optical properties and signatures of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Danish coastal waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 51(2): 267–278, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0645.
Stedmon C A, Markager S, Bro R. 2003. Tracing dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments using a new approach to fluorescence spectroscopy. Marine chemistry, 82(3–4): 239–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(03)00072-0
Steinberg D K, Nelson N B, Carlson C A et al. 2004. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the open ocean by zooplankton and the colonial cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 267: 45–56, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps267045.
Tang J W, Tian G L, Wang X Y et al. 2004. The methods of water spectra measurement and analysis I: above-water method. Journal of Remote Sensing, 8(1): 37–44. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Trigg S, Flasse S. 2000. Characterizing the spectral-temporal response of burned savannah using in situ spectroradiometry and infrared thermometry. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21(16): 3161–3168, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160050145045.
Twardowski M S, Boss E, Sullivan J M et al. 2004. Modeling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Marine Chemistry, 89(1–4): 69–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.008.
Wang L N, Pan W R, Zhuang W et al. 2018. Analysis of seasonal characteristics of water exchange in Beibu Gulf based on a particle tracking model. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 18: 35–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.12.009.
Wang S L, Zhou F X, Chen F J et al. 2021. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of nutrients in the drowned tidal inlet under the influence of tides: a case study of Zhanjiang Bay, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4): 2089, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042089.
Wu H, Yu H M, Ding J et al. 2016. Modeling assessment of tidal current energy in the Qiongzhou Strait, China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(1): 21–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0792-2.
Xu J, Fang C Y, Gao D et al. 2018. Optical models for remote sensing of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption in Poyang Lake. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 142: 124–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.06.004.
Zhang J B, Zhang Y C, Zhang P et al. 2021a. Seasonal phosphorus variation in coastal water affected by the land-based sources input in the eutrophic Zhanjiang Bay, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 252: 107277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107277.
Zhang X Y, Du Y, Mao Z H et al. 2021b. Dissolved organic carbon source attribution in the Changjiang outflow region of the East China Sea. Sensors, 21(24): 8450, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248450.
Zhang Y L, Qin B Q, Chen W M et al. 2005. A preliminary study of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Lake Taihu, a shallow subtropical lake in China. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 33(4): 315–323, https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200400585.
Zhang Y L, van Dijk M A, Liu M L et al. 2009. The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in eutrophic shallow lakes: field and experimental evidence. Water Research, 43(18): 4685–4697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.024.
Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Shi K et al. 2018. Optical properties and composition changes in chromophoric dissolved organic matter along trophic gradients: implications for monitoring and assessing lake eutrophication. Water Research, 131: 255–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.051.
Zhou F X, Lu X, Chen F J et al. 2020. Spatial-monthly variations and influencing factors of dissolved oxygen in surface water of Zhanjiang Bay, China. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(6): 403, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060403.
Zhu W N, Yu Q, Tian Y Q. 2013. Uncertainty analysis of remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter: evaluations and comparisons for three rivers in North America. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 84: 12–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.07.005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the Key Projects of the Guangdong Education Department (No. 2019KZDXM019), the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang) (No. ZJW-2019-08), the High-level Marine Discipline Team Project of Guangdong Ocean University (No. 002026002009), the Guangdong Graduate Academic Forum Project (No. 230420003), the “First Class” Discipline Construction Platform Project in 2019 of Guangdong Ocean University (No. 231419026), and the Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province (No. 2021KQNCX028)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, D., Wei, S., Yu, G. et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and remote sensing estimation of colored dissolved organic matter around the Leizhou Peninsula. J. Ocean. Limnol. 41, 1405–1424 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-1444-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-1444-3