Abstract
In recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), the effective treatment of aquaculture tailwater is essential to maintain the health of the RAS. This study investigated the optimal time and method for tailwater treatment during three periods of the aquaculture of the Litopenaeus vannamei: nursery (0–26 d), middle (27–57 d), and later (57–104 d). The variation of several water parameters during the dissolution of total suspended solid (TSS) in tailwater, applied with the effects of ozone on the microorganism and water quality parameters were investigated. Results showed that the TSS concentrations in tailwater decreased with time, although not significantly (P>0.05), whereas total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO −2 -N), and nitrate (NO −3 -N) increased significantly (P<0.05). Therefore, TSS should be removed from the tailwater as early as possible, being most optimal within 4 h. Ozone removed 38.24%–48.95% of TSS, 17.78%–90.14% of TAN, and 87.50%–98.90% of NO −2 -N after 4 h of treatment. However, it resulted in the significant accumulation of NO −3 -N. Moreover, the total number of Vibrio and bacterial counts in aquaculture tailwater was reduced completely by ozone within 4 h. Thus, these results provided technical details and data support for the effective treatment of tailwater from shrimp RAS.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Ali M, Hayward R S, Bajer P G et al. 2010. Maintenance/submaximum feeding schedules for reducing solid wastes and improving feed conversion in aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(3): 319–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00374.x.
APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th edn. Washington: American Public Health Association (APHA).
Burford M A, Williams K C. 2001. The fate of nitrogenous waste from shrimp feeding. Aquaculture, 198(1–2): 79–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00589-5.
Colberg P J, Lingg A J. 1978. Effect of ozonation on microbial fish pathogens, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and BOD in simulated reuse hatchery water. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada, 35(10): 1290–1296, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-203.
Cui Q M, Wang H W, Wang W Y et al. 2015. Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria and study on removal of nitrite nitrogen. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 737: 473–476, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.737.473.
Dolan E, Murphy N, O’Hehir M. 2013. Factors influencing optimal micro-screen drum filter selection for recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 56: 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.04.005.
Fernandes M, Angove M, Sedawie T et al. 2007. Dissolved nutrient release from solid wastes of southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Castelnau) aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 38(4): 388–397, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01680.x.
Gaona C A P, da Paz Serra F, Furtado P S et al. 2016. Effect of different total suspended solids concentrations on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a BFT system. Aquacultural Engineering, 72–73: 65–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.03.004.
Lee B, Jo E S, Park D W et al. 2021. Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing non-degradable organic compounds. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(5): 90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1384-0.
Mook W T, Chakrabarti M H, Aroua M K et al. 2012. Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology: a review. Desalination, 285: 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.029.
Orta de Velásquez M T, Monje-Ramírez I, Muñoz Paredes J F. 2013. Effect of ozone in UF-membrane flux and dissolved organic matter of secondary effluent. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 35(3): 208–216, https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2013.771940.
Pang S J, Xiao T, Bao Y. 2006. Dynamic changes of total bacteria and Vibrio in an integrated seaweed-abalone culture system. Aquaculture, 252(2–4): 289–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.050.
Pham T T H, Cochevelou V, Dinh H D K et al. 2021. Implementation of a constructed wetland for the sustainable treatment of inland shrimp farming water. Journal of Environmental Management, 279: 111782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111782.
Powell A, Scolding J W S. 2018. Direct application of ozone in aquaculture systems. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(2): 424–438, https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12169.
Rahmadi P, Kim Y R. 2014. Effects of different levels of ozone on ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon in sterilization of seawater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(22–24): 4413–4422, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.803702.
Schroeder J P, Croot P L, Von Dewitz B et al. 2011. Potential and limitations of ozone for the removal of ammonia, nitrite, and yellow substances in marine recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 45(1): 35–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.06.001.
Schveitzer R, Arantes R, Costódio P F S et al. 2013. Effect of different biofloc levels on microbial activity, water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a tank system operated with no water exchange. Aquacultural Engineering, 56: 59–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.04.006.
Singer P C, Zilli W B. 1975. Ozonation of ammonia in wastewater. Water Research, 9(2): 127–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(75)90001-9.
Spiliotopoulou A, Rojas-Tirado P, Chhetri R K et al. 2018. Ozonation control and effects of ozone on water quality in recirculating aquaculture systems. Water Research, 133: 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.032.
Steicke C, Jegatheesan V, Zeng C. 2007. Mechanical mode floating medium filters for recirculating systems in aquaculture for higher solids retention and lower freshwater usage. Bioresource Technology, 98(17): 3375–3383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.042.
Summerfelt R C, Penne C R. 2005. Solids removal in a recirculating aquaculture system where the majority of flow bypasses the microscreen filter. Aquacultural Engineering, 33(3): 214–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.02.003.
Viegas C, Gouveia L, Gonçalves M. 2021. Aquaculture wastewater treatment through microalgal. Biomass potential applications on animal feed, agriculture, and energy. Journal of Environmental Management, 286: 112187, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.112187.
Vilbergsson B, Oddsson G V, Unnthorsson R. 2016. Taxonomy of means and ends in aquaculture production—Part 2: the technical solutions of controlling solids, dissolved gasses and pH. Water, 8(9): 387, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8090387.
Wei C H, Zhang F Z, Hu Y et al. 2016. Ozonation in water treatment: the generation, basic properties of ozone and its practical application. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 33(1): 49–89, https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0008.
Wu Y Q, Song K. 2021. Source, treatment, and disposal of aquaculture solid waste: a review. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 147(3): 03120012, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001850.
Xiao R C, Wei Y G, An D et al. 2019. A review on the research status and development trend of equipment in water treatment processes of recirculating aquaculture systems. Reviews in Aquaculture, 11(3): 863–895, https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12270.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the Dalian Huixin Titanium Equipment Development Co., Ltd., for equipment and experimental devices support during the experiment.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFD0900502)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, Y., Lu, J., Qiu, T. et al. The dissolution of total suspended solids and treatment strategy of tailwater in a Litopenaeus vannamei recirculating aquaculture system. J. Ocean. Limnol. 41, 1197–1205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-1405-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-1405-x