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Gametogenesis and reproductive traits of the cold-seep mussel Gigantidas platifrons in the South China Sea

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Abstract

Gigantidas platifrons (Bivalvia, Mytilidae), the dominant species at the Formosa cold seep, relies on methanotrophic symbionts dwelling in its gills for nutrition. The reproductive patterns of G. platifrons provide fundamental information for understanding the population recruitment of this species. However, we know very little about important processes in reproduction, such as gametogenesis and symbiotic bacteria transmission. To this end, we described the developmental patterns of the gonads from nine surveys and juvenile length-distribution from one-year larval traps and detected bacteria in gonad from G. platifrons samples. Our results show that G. platifrons is a functionally dioecious species. The reproduction of G. platifrons is discontinuous, with spawning maturity peak around the fourth quarter of the year. The seasonal reproduction of G. platifrons was further supported by the unimodal shell length distribution of the trapped juvenile mussels. Given the small oocyte size (48.99–70.14 μm), which was comparable to that of coastal mussels, we proposed that G. platifrons developed via a free-living, planktotrophic larval stage before settlement. The blooms at the water surface can also supply the development of the planktonic larvae of G. platifrons. Meanwhile, no bacteria were observed in gonads, suggesting a horizontal symbiont transfer mode in this mussel. Collectively, these results provide fundamental biological information for an improved understanding of the early life history of G. platifrons in the Formosa cold seep.

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Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgment

We thank all the crews on R/V Kexue, R/V Haiyang Shiyou 623, ROV Faxian 4500, and ROV Haixing 6000 for their assistance in sample collection and all the laboratory members for continuous technical advice and helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CODR and KLMEES, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhaoshan Zhong, Minxiao Wang, Hao Chen & Chaolun Li

  2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Minxiao Wang & Chaolun Li

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zhaoshan Zhong & Chaolun Li

  4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Minxiao Wang, Hao Chen & Chaolun Li

  5. Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Ping Zheng

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Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the People’s Republic of China (No. 2018YFC0310802), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. NMST-KEXUE2017K01, KEXUE2019GZ02, KEXUE2018G16), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41576149), the Taishan Scholars Project to SUN Song, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund (No. M2019-07)

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Zhong, Z., Wang, M., Chen, H. et al. Gametogenesis and reproductive traits of the cold-seep mussel Gigantidas platifrons in the South China Sea. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 1304–1318 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0027-4

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