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Settlement and metamorphosis of Rapana venosa (Gastropoda: Muricidae) with implications for artificial culture

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Abstract

The rapa whelk Rapana venosa transforms from a phytophagous larva to a carnivorous juvenile after settlement and metamorphosis. The high mortality rate and low metamorphosis rate (<1%) of larvae are among the key factors limiting the recovery of the resources of R. venosa. We studied these two processes and showed that the larva has the ability to settle and metamorphose in the middle and late 4 spiral whorl period, and the use of substrates (scallop shells with oysters) can significantly improve the settlement and metamorphosis rate of larvae. The presence of darkness, juvenile bivalve shellfish, and oyster polysaccharide could effectively increase the rates of larval settlement and metamorphosis. Our findings broaden the understanding of settlement and metamorphosis in gastropods and can be used to improve population control, resource recovery and commercial breeding strategies for R. venosa.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Dr. YANG Pan for experiment suggestions and valuable advice in writing the article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhenglin Yu, Meijie Yang, Hao Song, Zhi Hu, Cong Zhou, Xiaolong Wang & Tao Zhang

  2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Zhenglin Yu, Meijie Yang, Hao Song, Zhi Hu, Cong Zhou, Xiaolong Wang & Tao Zhang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zhenglin Yu, Meijie Yang, Zhi Hu & Cong Zhou

  4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhenglin Yu, Meijie Yang, Hao Song, Zhi Hu, Cong Zhou, Xiaolong Wang & Tao Zhang

  5. Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Haiyang, 265114, China

    Haizhou Li

Authors
  1. Zhenglin Yu
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  2. Meijie Yang
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  3. Hao Song
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  4. Zhi Hu
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  5. Cong Zhou
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  6. Xiaolong Wang
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  7. Haizhou Li
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  8. Tao Zhang
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Contributions

ZHANG Tao conceived and designed the experiments. YU Zhenglin and YANG Meijie performed the experiments. YU Zhenglin analyzed the data. YANG Meijie, SONG Hao, HU Zhi, ZHOU Cong, WANG Xiaolong, and LI Haizhou contributed reagents, materials, and analytical tools. YU Zhenglin wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tao Zhang.

Additional information

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31572636), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2019BD003), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M652498), the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-49), the Special Funds for Talent Project of Taishan Industry Leader, the ‘Double Hundred’ Blue Industry Leader Team of Yantai, and the Creative Team Project of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. LMEES-CTSP-2018-1)

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Yu, Z., Yang, M., Song, H. et al. Settlement and metamorphosis of Rapana venosa (Gastropoda: Muricidae) with implications for artificial culture. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 249–259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9107-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9107-8

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