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Comparison of sedimentary organic carbon loading in the Yap Trench and other marine environments

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Abstract

Knowledge about organic carbon loadings (ratio of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) content to specific surface area (SSA)) and the fate of organic carbon (OC) is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle. We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments. The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of ~0.06 mg OC/(m2·km) (R2 =0.23, P<0.01). Distinct low OC loadings (0.09±0.04 mg OC/m2) were observed in the Yap Trench, with the lowest values as ~0.02 mg OC/m2. A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas. Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC (δ13C ~−20.4‰ to −18.6‰) dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone. In contrast, terrestrial OC with δ13C values of approximately −27.4‰ to −20.5‰ was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone. The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments, and only approximately 30% of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried. The value is equivalent to 0.066% of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average (~0.3%). Overall, the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated, despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.

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Data Availability Statement

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its electronic supplementary files. And the data in this study are also available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the crews of the R/V Xiangyanghong 10, LU Bo, LI Zhongqiao, ZHU Qiuhong, and GUO Xiaoze in the Second Institute of Oceanography (MNR), and PENG Yao, WU Dan and YE Jun of the Ocean University of China for their help in sampling and technical support with analyses.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Dong Li, Jun Zhao, Chenggang Liu, Jianfang Chen, Jianming Pan, Zhengbing Han & Ji Hu

  2. Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Chengjun Sun

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  1. Dong Li
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Correspondence to Jun Zhao.

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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41606090), the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (No. 2015CB755904), and the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography (MNR) (Nos. JG1624, JG1516)

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Li, D., Zhao, J., Liu, C. et al. Comparison of sedimentary organic carbon loading in the Yap Trench and other marine environments. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 619–633 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8365-9

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